<p>The Former Montana Executive Mansion, also known as the Original Governor&#39;s Mansion, is the official residence of the governor of Montana. It is located in Helena, Montana, the capital. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Original Mansion</h2><br>
<p>In 1913, the state of Montana acquired a mansion to serve as the official residence for the governor of Montana. The house and carriage house were built originally in 1888 by William Chessman. Between 1913 and 1959, it was home to nine Montana governors and their families.</p><br>
<p>Originally known as the William Chessman Mansion and after 1959 as the Governor&#39;s Old Mansion, it was built in 1888. It is in Queen Anne style, and was designed by the St. Paul, Minnesota, firm of Hodgson, Stem, & Welter. It is a three-story building built of pressed brick, terra cotta and stone. The interior has seven fireplaces and 20 rooms.</p><br>
<p>Said to have cost $85,000 to build, the listing includes two contributing buildings still standing, the house and a two-story brick carriage house, on an area of 1 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Current Governor&#39;s residence</h2><br>
<p>The current Montana Governors Residence is located at 2 Carson 46.584509&deg; latitude, -112.012596&deg; longitude Helena, Montana. It began operation as the governors residence in 1959, replacing the original governor&#39;s mansion. The residence is a two-level steel and brick house located two blocks from the Montana State Capitol building. It was designed by architect Chandler C. Cohagen.</p><br>
<p>Homeland is a neighborhood in the northern part of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is bounded roughly by Melrose Avenue on the north, Bellona Avenue on the east, Homeland Avenue on the south, and Charles Street on the west.</p><br>
<p>The Greater Homeland Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 with 1,616 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>97.8% of the houses in Homeland are occupied and 88.5% of that number are owner occupied. According to the last census, 88% of the residents are white, 8.6% are black, 1.8% Asian and 1.5% are Hispanic. 20% of the white residents are reported as Irish, another 20% English, 17% German and 10% Polish. The median family income is $136,383 with 1.2% of those in the workforce unemployed. 90.7% are high school graduates and 41% report having a graduate or professional degree.</p><br>
<h3>Notable residents</h3><br>
<p>Ann Marie Doory - member of the Maryland House of Delegates</p><br>
<p>Denise Dory - news anchor for ABC2 News</p><br>
<p>Michael Middleton - professional lacrosse player</p><br>
<p>Tom Marechek - professional lacrosse player</p><br>
<p>Martin O&#39;Malley - Maryland governor</p><br>
<p>Alec Ross (author) - Democratic candidate for Maryland Governor</p><br>
<p>Julia Marciari-Alexander - director of the Walters Art Museum</p><br>
<p>John Marciari - author and curator at the Morgan Library and Museum</p><br>
<h2>Government representation</h2><br>
<p>Bedford School, located at 910 Bingham Street in the historic South Side Flats neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places since 1986. According to Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation, it is the oldest public school building still standing within the city of Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in the Greek Revival style in 1850, the school opened as Birmingham No. 1, the largest public school on the South Side at the time. It was built to meet the growing need for classroom space in Birmingham, a manufacturing and residential borough that comprised the present South Side Flats between 6th and 17th Streets. Eighty pupils studied in the original four-room building. Boys attended classes on one side; girls on the other.</p><br>
<p>Greek Revival was the predominant architectural style for public buildings and homes built in southwestern Pennsylvania between about 1830 and 1860. Hallmarks of the style used in Bedford School include the pedimented entries with cornice returns and multi-light transoms and sidelights, brick dentils, unornamented lintels, and roof pitch. The inset panels of the second and third-floor windows are similar to features of some other Greek Revival buildings in Pittsburgh from the period.</p><br>
<p>The school was built with a cupola, like many other public schools in Pittsburgh in the mid-19th century. It housed the Birmingham town clock, purchased by the Birmingham Borough Council for $450 in 1850.</p><br>
<p>In 1872 the school joined the Pittsburgh school system, after the city of Pittsburgh annexed Birmingham and other South Side boroughs. The school changed its name to Bedford Public School in honor of Dr. Nathaniel Bedford, a physician at Fort Pitt, thought of as Pittsburgh&#39;s first doctor, as well as a large landowner on the South Side. Bedford had laid out streets and lots in Birmingham and named the town in 1811, for his birthplace in Birmingham, England. In his will, he gave the land to the Borough of Birmingham for a school.</p><br>
<h3>Remodeling</h3><br>
<p>A 1912 remodeling of the Bedford School reconfigured the classrooms, adding rooms and corridors. The Pittsburgh Board of Education annual report for 1912 states the following:</p><br>
<p>This building contained nine class rooms, each 24 ft. x 50 ft. with two teachers and two classes working in each room. Under these conditions teaching was almost impossible. The entire interior of the building was remodeled and contains twelve modern, fully equipped class rooms, properly connected by corridors. The outside privies were removed and replaced with a new two-story sanitary tower directly connected with the building.</p><br>
<p>The remodeling included an addition on the 10th Street side of the building. By 1912, Bedford School, under principal E. W. Dalbey of Wilkinsburg, had 14 teachers and 475 students.</p><br>
<p>By 1920 the Bedford School was the oldest public school building in use in the city of Pittsburgh. It operated as an elementary school until 1957, when the Pittsburgh Board of Education closed Bedford School.</p><br>
<h3>Closing</h3><br>
<p>The first floor served as a school for handicapped students until 1960, when the school board sold the building to Rhea S. Plack, wife of Milton Plack of Squirrel Hill, who used it as storage for L & M Sales, his wholesale hardware and contracting supplies firm. In 1997, Milton Plack sold the building to Frontier Lofts of the South Side, which converted it to condominiums under the direction of Pittsburgh real-estate developer Joedda Sampson. Among eight units, several of which have loft space, all have features of the original classrooms, including hardwood flooring and lighting fixtures, and many retain original blackboards.</p><br>
<p>The renovation is described in.</p><br>
<p>Located in Bay City, Matagorda County, Texas, the Henlsey–Gusman House was built by Alexander D. Hensley , who purchased land at this site in January 1898. With his wife Maggie , he asked his brother, architect Henry Hensley, to design this house to catch breezes from any direction.</p><br>
<p>Recorded Texas Historic Landmark 1993.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1905 by the Alamo Lumber Company, the house is a fine local example of a Victorian-era residence and stylistic influences of the Queen Anne period. It features a distinctive cross-plan layout with octagonal shaped rooms, with porches providing additional spaces to complete the octagon. Because of its unusual floor plan, the house&#39;s central living room contains eight doors but no windows; four of the doors open onto the corner porches. Beautiful hart pine flooring and wood trim still exists throughout the home along with beautiful hart pine doors and transoms. Like many wooden structures in Bay City from the early 20th Century, the structure and exterior of the home is built from cypress lumber.</p><br>
<p>Prominent features include a cross-gable roof with wood shingled gable ends, and decorative wood brackets at cutaway corners above corner windows. The original wooden porch floors were replaced with concrete in the 1930s, but the decorative wood columns and doors remain. Retail salesman James Robert Gusman (1862–1944), his wife Bettie Amanda Harrington (1864–1948) and their children moved to Bay City from Weimar in 1911. They bought the house from the Hensley&#39;s in 1919, and it remained in their family for generations. Recorded by the Texas Historic Landmark - 1993.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the Hensley–Gusman House was purchased by Timothy Sloan, a lifelong resident of Bay City and attorney at law, from the Bay City Historical Commission, as the home was left by the Gusman family. After extensive renovations, in August 2007, the Hensley–Gusman House became the new home for the law practice of Timothy Sloan, and son, Matthew Hardy Sloan. In 2016, Matthew Hardy Sloan inherited the home and in 2017 the home became a business office for Edward D. Jones, operated by James Scardami. As of 2019, the home is still owned by Mr. Sloan and maintains its Texas State Historical and National Register of Historical Places listings.</p><br>
<p>On August 18, 2007, the home was dedicated by the Bay City mayor and local citizens as a National Historic Place. Some modifications have been made in accordance with the National Register of Historic Places in keeping with the historic nature of this property.</p><br>
<p>All the floors, moldings, doors and windows have been refinished to the original wood finishes. Bedrooms have been furnished into the main lobby, law offices, legal assistant offices, law library and conference room. The kitchen retains its original location, with original cabinetry and updated appliances. The original bathroom has been modified with an addition of a second half-bath to make compliant.</p><br>
<p>Moore&#39;s Crossing Historic District is a community located in rural Travis County nine miles southeast of Austin, Texas near the Austin–Bergstrom International Airport.</p><br>
<p>The location was used as a low-water crossing of Onion Creek as early as the 1840s but did not receive its current name until the early 1900s, when John B. Moore built a store in the area. Moore&#39;s Crossing was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 1996</p><br>
<h2>Description and significance</h2><br>
<p>The southeastern quadrant of what is now Travis County was the first part of the county Europeans settled after the Spanish (and later Mexican) government opened Texas lands to colonists in the 1820s. Watered by the Colorado River, the region&#39;s rich black land promised much greater agricultural potential than the rocky hills to the west. Its first residents were farmers who plowed fields and built modest homes along the rivers and creeks that ran through the area. Despite the designation and subsequent growth of nearby Austin as the state capital and county seat, southeast Travis County remained largely an agricultural region until the construction of Bergstrom Air Force Base in 1942, during World War II. Population growth in 1990s and the opening of ABIA in 1999 was followed by commercial development along Texas State Highway 71.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, three of six spans from the 1884 iron Congress Avenue Bridge, which had been put into storage in 1910, were used to construct a bridge at Moore&#39;s Crossing (formerly Onion Creek Bridge). The bridge was washed away by a spring flood that year. The current bridge, built by the Austin Bridge Company of Dallas is made of concrete piers and the remaining three spans from the Congress Avenue Bridge. It was completed in 1922 and took Burleson Road across Onion Creek to Farm to Market Road 973.</p><br>
<p>On January 8, 1980, the bridge was "finally put to rest" after nearly 97 years. Richard Moya, Travis County Commissioner Precinct 4, stated the bridge would be closed to automobile traffic due to risk of structural failure. The estimate to stabilize the one-lane bridge for traffic was $750,000 and that did not include widening it to support the increased traffic caused by area growth. A four-lane concrete beam bridge with a different alignment to Farm to Market Road 973 was built instead. The county barricaded the bridge at Moore&#39;s Crossing and turned it into a pedestrian bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge at Moore&#39;s Crossing was registered as a Historic Landmark in 1980 by the Texas Historical Commission. The community itself was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 1996.</p><br>
<h2>In television</h2><br>
<p>Warner Bros. Television used the Moore&#39;s Crossing Bridge and the park beneath it as a location for season 2 of The Leftovers, which airs on HBO. Production at the location occurred between April and October 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Lower Main Street Historic District is a historic district comprising the first several blocks of Main Street  in Beacon, east of its intersection with South Street, the end of its concurrency with NY 9D. The southeast end is at Teller Avenue. The District covers about 50 acres  and includes 32 buildings, most of them in the late 19th-century Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>Many of these buildings have been extensively renovated and are now used for businesses such as boutiques and art galleries. The Beacon Institute for Rivers and Estuaries currently has its home in one of the buildings.</p><br>
<p>The District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The former Lewis Tompkins Hose Company No. 1 Firehouse, was the first built in what later became the city of Beacon, New York. Designed by Schuyler Tillman and Benjamin Hall in a Second Empire style, it was completed in 1893. It is located at 140 Main Street, a block away from NY 9D, and was later renovated as an art glass studio. On December 6, 2004, it was listed on the National Register of Historic in its own right.</p><br>
<p>Kymulga Mill & Covered Bridge are two locally owned historic landmarks located at Kymulga Park in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. The park is on Grist Mill Road  off State Route 76 about 4 mi northeast of the city of Childersburg.</p><br>
<p>Both structures, dating back to the American Civil War, were restored in 1974 and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1976. The Childersburg Heritage Committee purchased the tract in 1988, and with help from the Alabama Historical Commission and the Talladega County Commission, established Kymulga Park. More structural renovations were made as well. There is an admission charge to visit the park, with proceeds being used for upkeep of all structures and nature trails within this historic recreation area.</p><br>
<p>Kymulga Park was acquired by the City of Childersburg in June 2011. It is currently managed by the Childersburg Historic Preservation Commission.</p><br>
<h2>Kymulga Mill</h2><br>
<p>Kymulga Mill is a working gristmill built in 1864 by German contractor G.E. Morris for Confederate Army Major George H. Forney, who was later promoted to lieutenant colonel. Forney died at the Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia before construction was completed, but his wife allowed Morris to finish it. Union Army soldiers burned most of the gristmills throughout the area during the Civil War, but Kymulga Mill was missed. The mill was sold four times before being purchased by the Childersburg Heritage Committee from latest owner Edward Donahoo in 1988, though it remained in active service through many of those years.</p><br>
<p>Three water powered turbines ran the four-story mill, including lights, grain elevator and millstones used for grinding grain. Two of its five sets are French buhrs, thought to be the hardest rock in the world. Kymulga Mill continues to operate to this day, though under electricity, still making corn meal with its huge millstones. The building is now a tourist attraction open for guided tours. It also serves as a gift shop and park office.</p><br>
<h2>Kymulga Covered Bridge</h2><br>
<p>The Kymulga Covered Bridge is a wood & metal combination style covered bridge that spans Talladega Creek, located just east of Kymulga Mill within Kymulga Park. Built in 1861, the 105 ft bridge is a Howe truss construction over a single span. The Kymulga Covered Bridge is one of two 19th-century covered bridges extant in Alabama still remaining at its original location; the Waldo Covered Bridge, also located in Talladega County, is the other.</p><br>
<p>The bridge once provided access to the Old Georgia Road or the McIntosh Road, a Native American trade route which was used by settlers and frontiersmen who ventured the area. Eventually, farms and communities spawned along the former trail. The United States government purchased land adjacent to Kymulga Mill in 1941 for the Alabama Ordnance Works, a military installation. Settlements within the tract had to be relocated. Today, the Kymulga Covered Bridge leads park visitors to a series of nature trails north of Talladega Creek. People may still find remnants of the Old Georgia Road, as well as other traces of the past.</p><br>
<p>Lands End Observatory is a ranger observatory on the rim of Grand Mesa in Colorado. It is accessible from the Grand Mesa Scenic and Historic Byway via Lands End Road,</p><br>
<p>which is about half paved and half gravel. The observatory is about 10 miles west of Colorado State Highway 65.</p><br>
<p>Land&#39;s End Road descends as an all-gravel road from the observatory down to USA Route 50,</p><br>
<p>and the observatory can be accessed from that direction as well.</p><br>
<p>The observatory was built by the United States Forest Service</p><br>
<p>and the Works Progress Administration in 1936-37, with some assistance from two</p><br>
<p>Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) side camps.</p><br>
<p>A large viewing area outside the building provides a panoramic view of western Colorado and eastern Utah. As of 2022, the observatory building itself is closed and boarded up.</p><br>
<p>From the U. S. Forest Service sign outside the building:</p><br>
<p>You have reached Land&#39;s End Observatory</p><br>
<p>on Colorado&#39;s highest mesa, the Grand</p><br>
<p>Mesa, 10,500 feet above sea level. Built in</p><br>
<p>1936-37 by the United States Forest Service</p><br>
<p>and the Works Progress Administration</p><br>
<p>(WPA), the observatory reflects the rustic</p><br>
<p>style of architecture found in public</p><br>
<p>buildings throughout the national parks and</p><br>
<p>forests. It is marked by simplicity and</p><br>
<p>craftsmanship, appearing to grow out of the</p><br>
<p>earth rather than intrude upon it. Basalt</p><br>
<p>stones were selected from the mesa and</p><br>
<p>carefully fitted together to form the walls</p><br>
<p>and terrace. Wood shingles were hand-</p><br>
<p>sawn. The original, handcrafted woodwork</p><br>
<p>can still be found inside. Most of the WPA</p><br>
<p>workers who toiled here during the Great</p><br>
<p>Depression are unknown, the observatory</p><br>
<p>remains their legacy.</p><br>
<p>Land&#39;s End Road was once known as the</p><br>
<p>Veterans&#39; Road. When the Great Depression</p><br>
<p>left many World War I veterans unemployed,</p><br>
<p>President Roosevelt responded by opening</p><br>
<p>the already created Civilian Conservation</p><br>
<p>Corps (CCC) to include them. Thus, between</p><br>
<p>June 1933 and May 1934, the 200 veterans</p><br>
<p>who were brought to Land&#39;s End camp</p><br>
<p>completed 9.2 miles of road. They were paid</p><br>
<p>a dollar a day for their work. Ranging in age</p><br>
<p>from thirty-three to fifty-five, the veterans</p><br>
<p>were hailed as "a remarkable group of men,</p><br>
<p>skilled in almost every imaginable trade."</p><br>
<p>They lived in army tents roughly eleven</p><br>
<p>miles below the mesa rim while clearing the</p><br>
<p>brush for the road. The toughest part of the</p><br>
<p>Land&#39;s Ends Road, from the Wild Road</p><br>
<p>Picnic Area to the rim, was completed over</p><br>
<p>the next two summers by Civil Service</p><br>
<p>machine operators and a few civilian</p><br>
<p>workers hired by the United States Forest</p><br>
<p>Service. "Built the whole road," said the</p><br>
<p>project engineer, "blasting and all, without</p><br>
<p>injuries."</p><br>
<p>First Dutch Reformed Church, also known as the "Old Church on the Green", is located in Hackensack, New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It sits in the churchyard of the church by the same name, the current building being constructed in 1791. The east wall of the building is of particular interest because it incorporates several carved stones from the first church building erected on the site. These stones bear the monogram of several of the founding families. The congregation was founded by Dutch settlers in 1686. For the first ten years the congregation worshipped in various locations, and in 1696 the first building was built on the current site. In 1780 Colonial General Enoch Poor was buried in the Cemetery. George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette attended the funeral. The church is the oldest extant church in Bergen County.</p><br>
<p>The church is adjacent to the Hackensack Green, which was originally church land and is one of the oldest public squares in New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Adam Boyd (1746–1835) represented New Jersey in Congress from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1808 to 1813.</p><br>
<p>George Cassedy (1783–1842), represented New Jersey in Congress from 1821 to 1827.</p><br>
<p>Enoch Poor (1736–1780), one of George Washington’s officers.</p><br>
<p>Richard Varick (1753–1831), former mayor of the city of New York and former New York Attorney General</p><br>
<p>Hotel Mac is a historic hotel and restaurant, that was built in 1911 and is located in the historic Point Richmond neighborhood of Richmond, California in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The successful hotel and bar was owned throughout the 1960&#39;s by Mr.John Nunez. Nunez was forced to sell the property as the state had plans for the construction of the Carlson Freeway</p><br>
<p>(I 580). The freeway was eventually completed without disturbing the property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1940s and 1950s, however, Hotel Mac began to lose its popularity and character. In 1971 a fire damaged the structure, and it closed for business. In 1978 Bill Burnett and Griff Brazil formed a company to restore and reopen Hotel Mac as a fine dining restaurant. The hotel also reopened.</p><br>
<p>In the fall of 2020, the restaurants owner shuttered the restaurants doors as a result of lost revenue due to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The hotel is notable because each of its 10 rooms are decorated with slightly different styles and color schemes. Hotel Mac is a contributing property to the Point Richmond Historic District, and was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Ralph Johnson Bunche House, the last home of American diplomat Ralph Bunche ,</p><br>
<p>is a National Historic Landmark in New York City. It is a single-family home built in 1927 in the neo-Tudor style, and is located at 115–24 Grosvenor Road, Kew Gardens, Queens. It is named after Ralph Bunche, who helped to found the United Nations in 1945. In 1950, he became the first African American and first person of color to win the Nobel Peace Prize, for mediating armistice agreements between Israel and its neighboring countries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bunche house was developed in 1927 as part of the development of Kew Gardens. The property, in which the house was eventually constructed, was continually bought and sold over the years. The Kew Gardens Corporation sold this property to Elena Goodale in 1920, who later sold it to Louis Frisse in 1926, who constructed the house. In 1948, ownership of the property changed and in 1949, it was sold to Jack Sturm.</p><br>
<p>During the 1950s, Bunche lived in Parkway Village, an apartment complex in Kew Gardens Hills that was built for UN employees and that was one of the first in the country to be racially integrated. In 1952 Sturm sold the property to Ralph Bunche and his wife, who were raising three children; the couple used the award money that came with the Nobel Prize to buy the house. He lived in the house until his death in 1971, and his wife lived there until she died in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The style of which this house was built is a neo-Tudor style. It was designed by the prominent Brooklyn architects Koch & Wagner. The house stands at stories and is faced in stucco pierced by random bricks and stones. The house maintains its original wooden doors with iron strapping; the original leaded glass windows and slate roof are also maintained. It is located in a suburban setting of single-family homes and is surrounded by mature trees and bushes. The house is also situated on the crest of a hill and contains a terraced flagstone walkway leading from the street to the front door. The houses attached gable is inset into the hill at the basement level. The house is faced with random ashlar stones and has an opening that is stone-framed and arched segmentally; this opening is filled by wooden doors with small plain glass lights and metal strapping. The house is three bays wide with a central, full height, projecting gable capped/adorned by a clipped roof. The doorway, within the gable, is built within a round arched, stone-trimmed opening and holds a wooden door with a small, rectangular window covered by a decorative iron grille. There is an original iron and glass lantern situated on the wall beside the door. Additionally, there is a small, rectangular window within the gable above the doorway, along with a large, double-height window to the side of the entrance. This window has leaded glass casements with a decorative stained glass motif of a knight on horseback at the bottom center of the window; this window is fronted by a small, iron balcony. A pair of small rectangular windows are built near the top of the gable and are surrounded by half-timber framing. There is a stucco-faced chimney on one side of the central gable. The lower section of the chimney projects toward the front and creates another small roof and shape variety. There is a small, open stone porch on the west side of the houses main section, while the east side contains a one-storey, stone-faced sun room with floor-to-ceiling casement windows. This area is recessed behind a patio and the stone walls that rise up from the garage below.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark designations</h2><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. The house is also a New York City landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Alice Austen House, also known as Clear Comfort, is located at 2 Hylan Boulevard in the Rosebank section of Staten Island, New York City, New York. It was home of Alice Austen, a photographer, for most of her lifetime, and is now a museum and a member of the Historic House Trust. The house is administered by the "Friends of Alice Austen", a volunteer group.</p><br>
<p>In 2021, Clear Comfort was documented by the LGBT Historic Sites project, the first NYC site dedicated to a woman to be so recognized.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was originally built in the 1690s/early 1700s as a one-room Dutch Colonial House on the shore of New York Harbor, near the Narrows with brothers Jacob, Lambert and John Woulter/Johnson being the likely first occupants. The brothers Johnson purchased 120 acres of land from George Brown in 1698. Jacob Johnson&#39;s mother-in-law was Winifred King Benham, who was tried for witchcraft in Wallingford, Connecticut, and may have been a resident of the house after her acquittal and virtual banishment.</p><br>
<p>The house was remodeled and expanded several times in the 1800s, most notably after John Haggerty Austen, Alice&#39;s grandfather, purchased, renamed, and remodeled it in 1844.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s and 1960s, photographers Berenice Abbott and Philip Johnson led a group of historic preservationists to save the house from being demolished. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and became a New York City Landmark in 1971. It was purchased by New York City in 1975 and opened to the public in 1985. In 1993 it became a National Historic Landmark, and in 2002, it became a Historic Artist Home and Studio.</p><br>
<h2>Museum special exhibitions and activities</h2><br>
<p>Alice Austen House participates as a museum in the Smithsonian program of Museum Day events. In 2016 Austen House presented its first juried triennial exhibition, Staten Island Unlimited featuring 35 photographers from three boroughs of New York. During the members preview reception of the show, a toast was made to Alice Austens 150th birthday. Other activities included Triennial Talks, discussions with artists about their work on the subjects of "Staten Island as Place" and "Staten Island as Community."</p><br>
<p>In March 2016, the Whitney Museum hosted New Eyes on Alice Austen, a panel discussion in honor of Womens History Month and Alice Austens 150th birthday featuring "scholars, academics, and historians who have investigated her incredible work and unconventional lifestyle." This was part of the museums re-interpretation to include Gertrude Tate, Austens long time life partner. This also includes a new podcast, My Dear Alice.</p><br>
<p>This led to the museum being designated an LGBT site by the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Alleged haunting</h2><br>
<p>An old neighborhood tradition told that, after midnight, one could hear the clanking of chains coming from the cellar. This was attributed to the ghosts of slaves who were kept there during the American Revolution. Another apocryphal story is that of a British soldier hanging himself from a beam in the parlor because of a broken heart. It is said that the sound of his military boots and the clinking of his spurs may be heard in that room after midnight.</p><br>
<p>The Holland Land Office building is located on West Main Street  in downtown Batavia, New York, United States. It is a stone building designed by surveyor Joseph Ellicott and erected in the 1810s.</p><br>
<p>It was the third and last office of the Holland Land Company, which owned almost all of what is today Western New York. Ellicott presided over the survey, sale and ultimate settlement of a vast tract of land. In 1960 it was declared a National Historic Landmark, the first one in Western New York and the only one in Genesee County. Today it is a museum, with exhibits about the history of the company and the region.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The building is located on the south side of West Main between Ellicott and Thomas Avenues on the north, two blocks west of the county courthouse and the commercial center of downtown Batavia. To the west is the Oak Street (New York State Route 98) intersection.</p><br>
<p>Tonawanda Creek is to the south. The office occupies a narrow strip of land between it and the street. On its east the creek comes closer to West Main, leaving only enough room for a sidewalk; a parking lot is located on the west between the building and Oak Street. Across West Main is another parking lot, houses and a commercial building. The area is level, part of the creek&#39;s former flood plain.</p><br>
<p>The land office building itself is a one-and-a-half–story limestone structure with a 47 by main block topped with an asphalt-shingled gabled roof. A wooden pedimented entrance portico projects from the north (front) elevation, and two additions are located to the southwest. One is a small one-story cinder block connector to the other, a large L-shaped timber frame wing with about 12 ft between it and the main block.</p><br>
<p>Four round stone columns support the pediment, where a denticulated cornice frames an entablature faced in clapboard. Below the cornice are black letters spelling out "Holland Land Office Museum" on the plain frieze. The two six-over-six double-hung sash windows on either side of the main entrance have louvered shutters with stone sills and splayed lintels. Recessed panels top each window on the upper story.</p><br>
<p>On either side of the pediment small gabled dormer windows with eight-over-eight double-hung sash pierce the roof. Side fenestration consists of two windows similar to the front windows at ground level, two small windows on the second floor and a fanlight at the gable apex. The roofline has an overhanging eave with a continuation of the denticulation on the pediment.</p><br>
<p>Smooth round pilasters frame the recessed main entrance, topped by a rounded fanlight. It opens into a central hall. There is one room on the east and two on the west. Both are used as exhibit space. There are eight wall vaults, originally used to store records. One has its original 10 ft metal door. Steel I-beams have been added to support the roof, and braces are visible in the west parlor. The upper stories are used for office and exhibit space, as are the additions.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Holland Land Company was formed late in the 18th century by a group of Dutch investors to dispose of lands they had acquired west of the Genesee River, originally owned by the state of Massachusetts and the Seneca Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy until the 1797 Treaty of Big Tree. The company had acquired them from Robert Morris, who had financed the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, and needed to sell due to financial troubles in some of his other land dealings. In 1794 they hired Pennsylvania surveyor Joseph Ellicott to survey the five million acres (2 million ha) they had acquired in what is now Western New York and the adjacent areas of Northwestern Pennsylvania. After the survey was finished and the land subdivided into townships, Ellicott was appointed agent in 1800.</p><br>
<p>Working from the present site, Ellicott not only oversaw the sale of individual properties but functioned as the areas sole regional planner, reporting to Paolo Busti, the companys agent in Philadelphia, by mail. He was, a contemporary historian wrote, "the single most powerful person in the area for the first two decades of the century." His decision to sell the land in small parcels rather than large blocks, despite the objections of the companys trustees who wanted the land sold quickly, resulted in settlement by small farmers rather than the establishment of quasi-feudal manors as had occurred in the Hudson Valley. Drawing on his experience laying out the city of Washington, D.C., for Pierre LEnfant, he surveyed and planned the cities of Buffalo and Batavia.</p><br>
<p>The company&#39;s first office was a log cabin; Ellicott cleared the first tree on the site. In 1809 it was replaced with a timber-frame building, in turn replaced by the existing structure in 1815, the third and last one. It was built of stone to be fireproof and better protect the records it kept. At that time it stood alone on a two-acre (2 acre) lot. Ellicott left his position in 1820; the company remained in existence until the mid-1850s, by which time all the land had been sold and all the debts retired.</p><br>
<p>The building was eventually sold. It became first a music school, and then a church. To support those uses modifications were made to the interior.</p><br>
<p>In 1894 the Holland Purchase Historical Society was formed to restore the building and adapt it for museum use. Later that year the building was dedicated to Morriss memory at a ceremony attended by Morriss descendants and members of the Cabinet of President Grover Cleveland, who had himself begun his political career in Buffalo. It was staffed by members of the local Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) chapter.</p><br>
<p>During World War II the DAR leased the building to the local chapter of the American Red Cross. At that time the cinder block addition was built on the rear. After the war, in 1948, the county&#39;s Board of Supervisors voted to assume ownership.</p><br>
<p>The western frame wing, known as the Robert Morris Wing, was added around 1970. To build it and the parking lot, a house next door was demolished. Seven years later it received an east wing, originally used by the county historian. Since that office moved to separate quarters nearby it has been used for the museum. The final addition came in 1982, a small room attached to the back of the wings rear to exhibit the countys 12½-foot (12.5 ft) gibbet.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The museums collection includes many artifacts of Ellicotts original survey of the region. These include not only his chains and transit, but the written records of the survey. An original copy of Ellicott&#39;s 1804 map, valued in the five figures, hangs on one wall.</p><br>
<p>Iroquois artifacts on display include a ca. 1700 succotash bowl, wampum beads and a model of a longhouse, the tribe&#39;s traditional habitation. There is also an armchair used by Seneca elder Eli Parker, and a charcoal sketch of Seneca Wolf Clan chief Red Jacket, wearing the silver medal George Washington gave him. They are exhibited in a room named for Parker.</p><br>
<p>The USA Army Corps of Engineers Duluth Vessel Yard is a federal port facility in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It houses the United States Army Corps of Engineers  resources used to maintain the harbors of the Twin Ports of Duluth and Superior, Wisconsin. It was established on Minnesota Point in 1903, though most of its present configuration dates to a flurry of construction in 1941.</p><br>
<p>The Duluth Vessel Yard was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 for its local significance in the themes of community planning and development, conservation, engineering, maritime history, politics/government, and transportation. It was nominated for its significant role in developing and maintaining the harbor that underpins the Twin Ports economy and for encapsulating federal involvement in local transportation infrastructure.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the construction of the St. Mary&#39;s Falls Ship Canal was completed at Sault Ste. Marie, ships carrying grain, lumber, coal, and iron ore could carry the natural resources of the Midwestern United States to East Coast ports. By the late 19th century the USA Army Corps of Engineers was tasked to create a bustling harbor at the western end of Lake Superior. For several years they created breakwaters, dredged channels, and built docks to accommodate ever-larger cargo-hauling ships. By the turn of the 20th century, the Vermilion and Mesabi Iron Ranges were producing nearly 8 million long tons (8,100,000 Mg) of ore per year. The Corps was busy&mdash;between 1897 and 1902 they dredged 22 million cubic yards (17,000,000 cubic metres) out of the Duluth and Superior harbors, creating a 360 acre harbor with 17 mi of ship channels. By 1906, the quantity of material shipped through the harbors was superseded only by that of New York and Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>The Old First Presbyterian Church, also known as First Presbyterian Church and Cemetery, is a church in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The grounds, located in the Four Corners Historic District, includes an old burial ground.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>William Burnet (1730–1791), physician who represented New Jersey in the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1781.</p><br>
<p>Silas Condit (1778–1861), represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives from 1831 to 1833.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Ward (1759–1842), represented New Jersey&#39;s 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1813 to 1817.</p><br>
<p>Thomas M. Woodruff (1804–1855), represented New York&#39;s 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1845 to 1847.</p><br>
<p>The New Hotel Carquinez or simply Hotel Carquinez is a registered historic place in Richmond, California. It is located in the Iron Triangle at 410 Harbor Way. It is named after the Carquinez Strait. The New Hotel Carquinez was the original name and it was later changed to Hotel Don. The building currently functions as senior housing center. The hotel was the center of decision making for the city of Richmond prior to the construction of the Richmond Civic Center.</p><br>
<p>Riverby was the estate of the American naturalist John Burroughs , who wrote and created a genre of naturalist essays. It is located above the west bank of the Hudson River, in the town of West Park, in Ulster County, New York. Burroughs built the main house and a separate study, where he did much of his most influential writing. The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968. It is private property, still partially held by the Burroughs family, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Riverby is an estate of about 14.5 acre, set on the west bank of the Hudson River on the east side of United States Route 9W. The terrain is generally wooded, descending steeply through a series of terraces from the road to the river. The main house built by Burroughs is on the highest terrace, and is a three-story structure built out of stone. It was damaged by fire in 1947, and its interior has lost historic integrity. The study located on a lower terrace, is a roughly square frame structure finished in chestnut slabs whose exterior retains unpeeled bark. Other buildings on the property include a barn, summerhouse, and caretaker&#39;s cottage.</p><br>
<p>John Burroughs bought a 9 acre farm here in 1873, and added additional land later. In the study, which looks east over the Hudson River, Burroughs wrote Fresh Fields (1884), Signs and Seasons (1886), Indoor Studies (1889), and Riverby (1894), and he edited other works. Theodore Roosevelt and many others visited Burroughs in the study. He also wrote in Woodchuck Lodge, a lodge in Roxbury in the western Catskills of Delaware County, New York, that he used from 1908 on, and Slabsides, a cabin one mile (1.6 km) west of Riverby that he used in summers from 1895 on.</p><br>
<p>The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968, with only the study as a contributing element. The study is lined with books and, up to 1975 at least, had been preserved essentially as Burroughs left it.</p><br>
<p>The home is maintained by the Burroughs Society. The collection of buildings on the estate has been split among his descendants, and they discourage visiting the site.</p><br>
<p>Camp Pine Knot, also known as Huntington Memorial Camp, on Raquette Lake in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, was built by William West Durant. Begun in 1877, it was the first of the "Adirondack Great Camps" and epitomizes the "Great Camp" architectural style. Elements of that style include log and native stonework construction, decorative rustic items of branches and twigs, and layout as a compound of separated structures. It is located on the southwest tip of Long Point, a two-mile long point extending into Raquette Lake, in the Town of Long Lake in Hamilton County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The camp consists of some two dozen buildings, including a seven-room "Swiss Cottage," four "Log Cottages" of one to three rooms, two frame cottages of three and five rooms, a "Glass Dining Room," and a five-stall horse barn and wagon shed. Covered walkways connect many of the buildings. There was also the "Barque," a 20 by 60 foot four-room bark cabin built on a log raft, used to escape from the dreaded black fly in the spring; it was fully equipped, with a kitchen, bath, and running water.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pine Knot was started by Durants father, railroad developer Thomas C. Durant, as a showplace to draw investors to Durants holdings, but it was William West Durant who would develop it into the remarkable model for Adirondack Great Camps to follow. In 1895, William West Durant sold the camp to wealthy industrialist Collis P. Huntington.</p><br>
<p>The camp went unused from the start of the 20th century until 1947, when it was sold to the State University of New York at Cortland for 1 dollar, for use as their Outdoor Education center. Due to the soundness of its construction, despite its long disuse, the buildings required little repair. The Barque is being rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>The camp was included in a multiple property submission for listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, was in fact listed in 1986,</p><br>
<p>The USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum is a museum ship, located on the southernmost pier of the former Naval Air Station Alameda in Alameda, California, US.</p><br>
<p>The museum is composed of the aircraft carrier, exhibits from the NASA Apollo Moon exploration missions, and several retired aircraft from the Second World War and the transonic and early supersonic jet propulsion period. A number of compartments contain exhibits concerning contemporary carriers that are supported by related associations. The flight deck, hangar deck, and first deck below are open for self-guided tours. Docent-led tours are available into the ships navigation and flight deck control areas of the island and down into one of the engineering spaces containing two of the four ships propulsion turbines.</p><br>
<p>The exhibits are on and in the USS Hornet itself, a retired aircraft carrier that was launched during WW2 and served in many historic battles such as the Liberation of the Philippines and naval battles in the Pacific. After the war she was used to search for submarines and secure airspace, and had a special role in space exploration, being used to recover returning space capsules in the space race. The ship was decommissioned 1970, and held in storage, but in the 1990s was registered as a historic landmark and made into a museum which opened in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Aircraft Carrier Hornet Foundation preserves and honors the legacy of, a national historic landmark, and its role in naval aviation, the defense of the United States, the Apollo Program, and exploration of space.</p><br>
<h2>Opening ceremony</h2><br>
<p>The USS Hornet Museum officially opened to the public on October 17, 1998. Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin was the principal speaker. Attending dignitaries included Congresswoman Barbara Lee; Honorable Jerry Brown – Mayor-elect of Oakland; Honorable Ralph Appezzatto – Mayor of Alameda; General Richard Hearney – Vice President for Domestic Business Development, Boeing Company; and Rear Admiral Robert Chaplin – Superintendent, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.</p><br>
<h2>Aircraft on display</h2><br>
<p>The USS Hornet Museum has many of aircraft on display including propeller aircraft, jet aircraft, and rotorcraft including several Naval helicopters. The aircraft are from the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Museum guests can get up-close to the aircraft displayed on the flight deck and on the hangar deck. Aircraft are sometimes moved between decks utilizing the ship&#39;s #1 aircraft elevator. Exhibit highlights include:</p><br>
<p>TBM-3E Avenger – torpedo bomber from World War II</p><br>
<p>T-28B Trojan – military trainer</p><br>
<p>US-2B Tracker – anti-submarine warfare (ASW) utility aircraft</p><br>
<p>FJ-2 Fury – 1950s swept-wing fighter jet</p><br>
<p>TA-4J Skyhawk – trainer from the last aggressor squadron, VC-8</p><br>
<p>F8U-1 Crusader – Vietnam War era supersonic fighter</p><br>
<p>S-3B Viking – all-weather, multi-mission, long-range aircraft</p><br>
<p>F-14A Tomcat – veteran of the Gulf War</p><br>
<p>F-4J Phantom II - Vietnam era multirole jet fighter</p><br>
<p>HUP-1 Retriever - ship based utility helicopter for search and rescue</p><br>
<p>SH-2F Seasprite - shipboard utility helicopter retired in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>SH-3H Sea King - All weather helicopter designed for anti-submarine warfare</p><br>
<p>UH-34D Seahorse - Vietnam era personnel transport and combat assault helicopter</p><br>
<p>FM-2 Wildcat - WW2 fighter</p><br>
<h2>Apollo splashdown display</h2><br>
<p>USS Hornet was selected in 1969 to serve as the Prime Recovery Ship (PRS) for the Apollo 11 Moon mission. Hornet led the recovery of the first astronauts to land on the Moon following their splashdown back on Earth. Four months later, Hornet recovered the all-Navy crew of Apollo 12. The USS Hornet Museum has the largest Apollo Program exhibit on the West Coast of the United States. Artifacts on display include:</p><br>
<p>Apollo Command Module CSM-011 used for the AS-202 uncrewed suborbital flight test</p><br>
<p>Mobile Quarantine Facility (MQF) used by the Apollo 14 astronauts following their return to Earth</p><br>
<p>SH-3H Sea King used in the 1995 movie Apollo 13</p><br>
<p>Memorabilia and photos from the Apollo 11 and 12 splashdowns</p><br>
<h2>CarrierCon</h2><br>
<p>The Hornet Museum also hosts CarrierCon, a fan convention for anime, video game, comic and cosplay fans. In 2023, CarrierCon collaborated officially with Azur Lane, a popular Chinese mobile game with an English release that features anthropomorphic "shipgirls" including Hornet herself as Hornet II to distinguish her from the original Hornet. Later that year, Hornet was chosen to host Azur Lane&#39;s live event celebrating the 5th anniversary of its English/worldwide release.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior and deck</h2><br>
<h2>Interior of USS Hornet</h2><br>
<p>The Armour–Stiner House is an octagon-shaped and domed Victorian-style house located at 45 West Clinton Avenue in Irvington, in Westchester County, New York. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It is the only known fully domed octagonal residence. The house was modeled after Donato Bramante’s 1502 Tempietto in Rome, which in turn was based on a Tholos, a type of ancient classical temple.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1859–1860 by financier Paul J. Armour based on the architectural ideas of Orson Squire Fowler, the author of The Octagon House: A Home for All Occasions. Fowler believed that octagonal houses enclosed more space, provided more interior sunlight, and that its rooms were easily accessible to each other. Fowler&#39;s ideas gained significant traction in the mid-to-late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the house was owned by Aleko E. E. Lilius, a Finnish writer and explorer, and from 1946 to 1976 by historian Carl Carmer, who maintained that the house was haunted. In 1976, the house was briefly owned by the National Trust for Historic Preservation to prevent it from being demolished. The Trust was unable to fund the amount of renovation the property required, and sold it to the preservationist architect, Joseph Pell Lombardi, who has conserved and renovated the house, interiors, grounds and outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>The house remains a private residence. It is located on the south side of West Clinton Avenue, on the crest of a hill overlooking the Hudson River, to the west. It is about 1650 feet from the river, and about 140 feet above it, consistent with Fowler&#39;s siting ideas. The Old Croton Aqueduct, another National Historic Landmark, abuts the property on the east.</p><br>
<p>In September 2017, Lombardi offered the house for rent through Sotheby&#39;s, for $40,000 a month.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The four-story house, plus an observatory, encompasses 8,400 ft&sup2;. The complex includes a barn, a carriage house, a well house used as a gazebo, and the original Lord & Burnham conservatory greenhouse. The house&#39;s main floor is surrounded by a veranda decorated with carved wooden gingerbread detailing and lit with gas lamps. The interior of the house includes an entrance hall, a solarium, a library, a curio room, a music room in the Egyptian Revival style, a 360-degree "dance room" added by Stiner, a billiard room, a wine cellar, seven bedrooms and three bathrooms, two kitchens and a pantry.</p><br>
<h2>Guided tours</h2><br>
<p>In April 2019, the Armour-Stiner (Octagon) House opened its doors for guided tours by appointment. Reservations can be made through its.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The house is the main setting for the 1981 horror film The Nesting.</p><br>
<p>The house is featured in Tony Millionaires Sock Monkey Volume 4, #2 (2003), reprinted in The Collected Works of Tony Millionaires Sock Monkey.</p><br>
<p>An exterior shot of the home was used in the film, Across the Universe. The Octagon House is seen briefly after the "Magical Mystery Tour" bus arrives in a wooded area. It is first depicted in psychedelic colors and then with a moat surrounding it. The building is described by Bono (playing "Dr. Robert") as the "Headquarters of the League of Spiritual Deliverance", the home of Dr. Geary (an allusion to Dr. Timothy Leary).</p><br>
<p>The Luykas Van Alen House is an historic Dutch Colonial farmhouse at 2589 New York State Route 9H in the town of Kinderhook, Columbia County, New York, United States. Built about 1737 and enlarged about 1750, it is one of the finest surviving examples of Dutch colonial architecture in upstate New York. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1967. It is now an historic house museum operated by the Columbia County Historical Society, and open for tours on weekends from June to October.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Van Alen House is located in a rural setting of the upper Hudson River valley, on the west side New York 9H, about 2 mi south of its junction with USA Route 9. It is a -story brick structure, with a steeply pitched gabled roof. It has three chimneys, one at each gable end, and one between two of the three rooms that make up the ground floor. The brick is laid in a typical Dutch style, with the gables also finished in brick. The gable lines differ from typical urban Dutch architecture of the period by being straight lines, rather than stepped or curved. The house&#39;s three rooms each have separate entrances, with reproduction sash windows beside them. The interior retains a number of features original to its construction or later alteration, but some features (notably the staircase) have been brought in from similar period houses.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1737 by Luykas Van Alen, who purchased the land from Mohican Native Americans. As built then, it was just two rooms, with no internal connection between them, and a sleeping loft above. The third room was added about 1750. The house remained in the hands of the Van Alen family until 1961, undergoing numerous alterations before falling into disrepair. It was given by them to the Columbia County Historical Society, which undertook a complete restoration. It is now operated by the Historical Society as an historic house museum illustrating 18th century Dutch Colonial life.</p><br>
<p>The Van Alen House and its farm are believed to have served as the inspiration for homestead of the Van Tassel family in Washington Irving&#39;s short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". Irving established a decades-long close friendship with Jesse Merwin, a teacher of a nearby school, and was a close friend of Kinderhook native (and USA President) Martin Van Buren, a neighbor of the Van Alens and a frequent guest in the town.</p><br>
<p>This property (interior and exterior) was a location scene in the 1993 Martin Scorsese film The Age of Innocence, starring Michelle Pfeiffer and Daniel Day-Lewis.</p><br>
<p>The Voorlezer&#39;s House is a historic clapboard frame house in Historic Richmond Town in Staten Island, New York. It is widely believed to be the oldest known schoolhouse in what is now the United States, although the sole inhabitant to hold the title of voorlezer, Hendrick Kroesen, only lived on the property from 1696 until 1701. The present structure became a private residence for more than a century and is now owned and operated by the Staten Island Historical Society. Despite being traditionally dated to before 1696 and sitting on land patented in 1680, it is more likely to have been constructed in the mid-eighteenth century, probably in the 1760s by Jacob Rezeau, whose family came into possession of the property in 1705.</p><br>
<p>Though well-maintained for many years, by 1936 the building had fallen into disrepair and was threatened with demolition. It was acquired by the museum in 1939 and then restored to how it was believed to have appeared around the turn of the eighteenth century. It was first opened to the public on April 14, 1942, and then again, after its second restoration, on June 27, 1985. It became a National Historic Landmark in 1961 and was added to National Register of Historic Places when that registry was created in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>The Voorlezer</h2><br>
<p>"Voorlezer" is a Dutch word that can be translated as "fore-reader" or as "one who reads (to others)". A Voorlezer or Voorleser was the title given to a highly responsible citizen in New Netherland and later Dutch settlements in North America, who had semi-official duties in local law, education and religion. The title was predominantly used from the mid-17th century to the late 18th century in the small colonial villages. A Voorlezer could be an assistant to a pastor or, in the absence of a pastor, hold religious services and read scriptures, or run a school.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The roof has an unequal pitch because the front of the house is 2 ft higher than the rear. The foundation walls are 2 ft thick, and constructed of undressed field stone laid up in mud and mortar. All timbers are of oak or white wood, cut in nearby forests and hewn to size with a broadaxe. A massive stone-and-brick chimney is at the northeast end of the house. Around 1800, the present staircases were substituted for the straight, ladder-like stairs believed to have been used originally. The house is built in Dutch-influenced vernacular architecture.</p><br>
<p>The first floor contains a small room used as living quarters and a large room for church services. The second floor has a small bedchamber, and a large room that is believed to be the one used for the school. The extra set of floor beams indicate that the room was designed to accommodate a large number of persons. The floors in the house are of white pine boards, 14 - wide. The windows and doors, the originals of which have been replaced, have the low and wide proportions of the originals.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Size of original lot</h3><br>
<p>The original land grant given to Robert Rider in 1680 by English Governor Sir Edmund Andros was for 320 acres of land and 37 acres of salt meadow. In 1697, the Dutch Reformed Congregation acquired a parcel of approximately 271 square feet of the then 80 acre parcel from James Hance Dye and James Fitchett, on which to build the house.</p><br>
<h3>Use by the Dutch Reformed congregation</h3><br>
<p>While never officially consecrated as a place of worship, a now-lost structure near the Voorlezers House (possibly the original schoolhouse) was used as a meeting place for members of the Dutch Reformed Congregation until the French Church (established in Greenridge, and lasting only about 15 years) was built in 1698, and later in 1718 when a permanent Dutch Reformed Church was established on the north shore of the Island. Despite the congregations brief stay in Richmond, the Voorlezers House was attended actively and its presence there (only the second or third building in the village) was the beginning of Richmonds significance as a service and civic center for Staten Island. Only a few years later the county seat would be established there, as well as St. Andrew&#39;s Church for an English congregation in 1709–1712.</p><br>
<h3>Use as a schoolhouse</h3><br>
<p>It is not clear whether the present building ever served as a schoolhouse, and Voorlezer Hendrick Kroesen only occupied the site from 1696 until 1701. The structure inhabited by Kroesen during this period was likely lost in the early eighteenth century. Children attending the Voorlezer&#39;s house while it functioned as a school were most likely between the ages of 7 and 12, and were both male and female. Schooling would have been paid for by parents by subject, which were probably taught in the Dutch language.</p><br>
<p>Subjects most likely included:</p><br>
<p>Reading. Students may have used hornbooks but there were many textbooks from Amsterdam available at the time, such as "Stairway of Youth" which was 12 lessons that built on each other, supplemented by "Great and Small ABC"</p><br>
<p>Writing. Many students may not have learned this.</p><br>
<p>Arithmetic. An important skill for both boys and girls to learn to be able to maintain household and business accounts as adults.</p><br>
<p>Religion. Students were expected to memorize the 129 questions and answers of the Heidelberg Catechism, which was used from 1563 until the 1800s.</p><br>
<p>Dutch history. This "new" subject would teach students about the Dutch Independence War from Spain.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In 1981, the building was closed for major renovation to stabilize the structure while retaining as much of its historic fabric as possible. The kitchen was restored, and most notably, the leaded casement windows were installed to more accurately represent its appearance of a circa 1696 structure.</p><br>
<h2>Inhabitants and their occupations</h2><br>
<p>1696–1701: Hendrick Kroesen; Voorlezer</p><br>
<p>1701–1705: House ownership changed three times</p><br>
<p>1705–1720: Rene Rezeau; farmer</p><br>
<p>1720–1793: Rezeau family; farmers</p><br>
<p>1793–1871: Van Pelt family; farmers</p><br>
<p>1871–1872: Harriet Wheately; residence</p><br>
<p>1872–1883: Martin Mooney; farm laborer, residence</p><br>
<p>1883–1893: Solomon Rosenberg & family; store, residence</p><br>
<p>1893–1924: Solomon Rosenberg & family; hotel-saloon (Arlington Hotel), residence</p><br>
<p>1925–1938: Nicholas George; restaurateur, tavern keeper (Acorn Inn), residence</p><br>
<p>1939: Structure donated to Staten Island Historical Society by Mrs. T. Livingston Kennedy</p><br>
<p>The William Sidney Mount House is a historic house at 1556 Stony Brook Road in Stony Brook, New York. Built in 1725 and enlarged in 1810, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 as the lifelong home of artist William Sidney Mount . The house is now owned by the Long Island Museum and is occasionally opened for tours.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The William Sidney Mount House is located west of the campus of Stony Brook University, at the northeast corner of North Country Road (New York State Route 25A) and Stony Brook Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and shingled exterior. Its main facade is a broad seven bays in width, with two entrances and windows placed somewhat irregularly. One brick chimney pierces the roof behind the main entrance, and a second stands against the far right facade. The main entrance is sheltered by a shed-roof porch and has a four-light transom window. Single-story ells extend to the rear (north) of the main structure.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house has more than twenty rooms. The most notable of these are its original kitchen, which has been restored, and the attic level, which housed the studio of American genre painter William Sidney Mount.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the house is the left half of the main block, which was built in 1725 by Eleazer Hawkins, the grandfather of William Sidney Mount. Hawkins built it as an "ordinary" or tavern, whose kitchen is now preserved. About 1810 the house was enlarged, by either attaching an existing structure or building a new addition to the right side. The house was sold out of the Mount family in 1918.</p><br>
<p>William Sidney Mount was born in this house, and occupied it for most of his productive life. His work was widely popular for its depictions of country life, and he was one of the first American artists to receive significant notice abroad.</p><br>
<p>Woodchuck Lodge is a historic house on Burroughs Memorial Road in a remote part of the western Catskills in Roxbury, New York. Built in the mid-19th century, it was the last home of naturalist and writer John Burroughs  from 1908, and is the place of his burial. The property is now managed by the state of New York as the John Burroughs Memorial State Historic Site, and the house is open for tours on weekends between May and October. The property is a National Historic Landmark, designated in 1962 for its association with Burroughs, one of the most important nature writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Woodchuck Lodge is located in a rural setting on the north side of Burroughs Memorial Road, about 2 mi west of the village of Roxbury. It includes about 25 acre of land, including woods, fields, the main house, and a large rock on which Burroughs played as a child, and where his grave is located. The lodge is an L-shaped wood-frame structure, with a two-story gabled section on the left and a single-story gabled ell extending to the right. The front roof face of the ell extends forward over a porch the spans the ell and the rightmost bay of the left section, where the entrance is located. There are modest Greek Revival features, including pilasters flanking the main entrance, but also rustic features, such as the posts supporting the porch.</p><br>
<p>The lodge was built about 1863 by John Burroughs brother Curtis, on the land where they had grown up (the original family homestead lies west of the lodge). Burroughs rented it from Curtis son in 1910 and 1911 for the summer, and then purchased it outright in 1913. Burroughs died in 1921, and the property was purchased by Henry Ford the following year. In 1947 he returned the property to the Burroughs family, except for the field containing the boyhood rock and grave, which he gave to the state. The lodge remained a private residence, sometimes for summer use and sometimes year-round, until 1975, when it was acquired by a nonprofit organization. It is now also owned by the state as part of the historic site.</p><br>
<p>Fort Klock, a fortified stone homestead in the Mohawk River Valley of Upstate New York, was built c.1750 by Johannes Klock, and is a good example of a mid-18th century fortified home and trading post, seeing use during the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War The fort is located at 7203 Route 5 roughly two miles  east of the Village of St. Johnsville, New York. Fort Klock is part of a 30 acre complex that includes the historic homestead, a renovated Colonial Dutch Barn, blacksmith shop, and 19th-century schoolhouse. The site is maintained by Fort Klock Historic Restoration and is open seasonally as a living museum. The fort was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Fort Klock is located between New York State Route 5 and the Mohawk River, two miles east of the village of St. Johnsville. The fort is a single-story stone structure, built in an L shape and set in part on bedrock, and in part on a stone foundation. The walls are quite thick (typically 2 ft), with numerous loopholes through which defenders could fire. There are two chambers on the main floor, their walls finished in plaster. Bedrooms are located in the attic spaces. A door on the east side provides access to the basement, which is divided into two chambers, separated by a heavy stone wall. One of these has a small spring-fed pool.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1750 by Johannes Klock, replacing an older structure built on the same site. Klock used the building as a frontier residence and trading post for dealing with local Native Americans. In 1776, Klock further fortified the premises, building a wooden stockade around the building. Klock was an active partisan in the American Revolutionary War, serving in the local militia at the 1777 Battle of Oriskany. The surrounding area was repeatedly raided by British-led Native Americans between 1778 and 1782, actions in which many houses, barns, and crops were burned. In October 1780, one of these raiding bands was confronted by state militia in a field just to the west, in what is now known as the Battle of Klock&#39;s Field.</p><br>
<p>The property was occupied by Klock descendants until the 1950s, at which time it was abandoned and declined. It was restored by a local nonprofit organization (now Fort Klock Historic Restoration), which was given the property by the last Klock owners in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Other Fort Klock</h2><br>
<p>There were two distinct places referred to as Fort Klock during the Revolutionary War: Johannes house and the home of his brother, Conradt Klock, located in Reimensnyders Bush or Glens Purchase to the north of Little Falls, New York. The Klock Forts were but two of the plethora of fortifications in the central and upper Mohawk Valley, built to resist raids from the British and their allies.</p><br>
<p>The Mansfield Roller Mill or Mansfield Mill is a  that was built in Mansfield, Indiana, United States by Jacob Rohm in 1875. This building replaced an older mill that dates back to 1821 built by James Kelsey and Francis Dickson</p><br>
<p>The mill is a state historic site owned by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of State Parks. It is operated by the Raccoon Lake Interpretive Services from nearby Raccoon State Recreation Area. Much of the original water powered equipment still operates.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Original Mill</h3><br>
<p>In 1821 James Kelsey and Francis Dickson partnered up to build a small mill along the banks of the Big Raccoon Creek. The spot they chose was ideal as it stood on firm sandstone bedrock near a sandstone ford in the creek. Plenty of virgin timber in the uncut wilderness provided materials for the original 30 X 20 log structure. In 1828, after a lengthy lawsuit, James Kelsey sells his half of the mill to Francis Dickson for $500. later that year Dickson sells 2/3 of an interest in the mill to James and Joseph Strain for $1,500. He then sells 1/3 of an interest in the mill for $1,800 to Joseph Pots. in 1831 Pots sells his interest in the mill to the Strain brothers in 1839 for $2,000. The Strain brothers are believed to be responsible for adding a sash mill sometime in the 1830s. In 1845 they sell the mill and surrounding land to Senator George Kirkpatrick Steele. Steele was a local store owner who had come to the area from nearby Portland Mills in 1829. During Steeles ownership it is believed that the original structure was added on and enlarged until it reached a size of 50 x 60&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The mill was sold in 1846 to George W Crosby who died shortly thereafter. Leaving his heirs with significant debt the mill&#39;s ownership was sold at auction to Judge Samuel B Gookins for $4,714. Judge Gookins is responsible for platting the town of Mansfield during his ownership of the Mill. Peter and Nancy Bird bought the mills from Mr Gookin for $8,000 in 1861. The Mill changed hands 3 more times in the next 5 years, eventually coming into the hands of James Murphy in 1866 for $8,000. He then sold the mill to who perhaps may have been the most influential owners of the Mill, Jacob and Mary Rohm in 1875.</p><br>
<h3>Jacob Rohm</h3><br>
<p>In 1875 a local mill entrepreneur by the name of Jacob Rohm bought the Mansfield Mill. Being a veteran miller he made some impressive changes to the structure. first he tore down the mill in 1880 and redesigned it from the ground up. He replaced the previous tub wheels with two new water powered turbines, the 85 HP Rodney Hunt installed in 1886 and the 65 HP Lefel installed in 1889. He also modeled the mill entirely off of the latest Oliver Evans design with bucket elevators and spouts replacing bag and shoulder methods. He also added in a corn mill on the south wall in addition to the 4 operating flour mills. In 1884 he removed the antiquated Buhr stones and replaced them with top-of-the-line metal roll-stands. The new mill was valued at $18,000 in 1891.</p><br>
<h3>End of Commercial Operations</h3><br>
<p>In 1929, Jacob Rohm&#39;s two sons sold the mill to Walter Ferguson. He in turn sold the Mill to Clarence Reeves in 1933 for $2,000. R.L. Reeves inherited the mill from his father and ran the mill as R.L. Reeves and Son up until his death in 1967. The mill then sold in 1969 for $1.00 to Edward (Tex) Terry and his wife Isabell.</p><br>
<p>Between 1973 and 1978 Tex Kelly (Edward Earl Terry (actor)) "The Bad Man of the movies" purchased the Mansfield Roller Mill and several other buildings and attempted to fulfill his dream of turning the town into Frontier City. His efforts failed and in 1979, Tex and Isabel returned to Texs hometown of Coxville, Indiana and opened "Texs Longhorn Tavern".</p><br>
<p>in 1978 the mill was sold to Robert Twell.</p><br>
<p>Owners Jack & Shirley Dalton and Frank & Sharon Hutcheson donated the mill to the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of State Museums and Historic Sites in 1995. In 2002 the mill was traded from The Division of Historic Sites to the Division of State Parks and Reservoirs, and is now owned, maintained and operated by Raccoon State Recreation Area.</p><br>
<p>In 1998 significant restoration work was started that took several years to complete. The overhaul was started by Indiana Division of Historic Sites in the 1990s and completed by Raccoon State Recreation Area in 2005. The mill does equipment demonstrations for festivals and special events using its original Rodney Hunt Turbine installed in 1886.</p><br>
<p>The Mansfield Roller Mill is located at the corner of Mansfield Rd. (historic) and Big Raccoon Creek in Mansfield IN 47872, just southeast of Rockville, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>Mansfield Road (historic) is now called by several names depending on the map date:</p><br>
<p>Country Road-37 (CR-37) (Most maps)</p><br>
<p>Green Castle Road</p><br>
<p>East 700 South</p><br>
<h2>Geographic Coordinates</h2><br>
<p>Latitude: 39° 40 35" N Longitude: 87° 6 7.99" W</p><br>
<p>The Anderson Paramount Theatre  is a historic movie theater located in Anderson, Madison County, Indiana. It opened on August 20, 1929, and at the time was part of the Publix Chain of theaters, owned by Paramount Pictures . The theater was designed by the famous movie theater architect, John Eberson. The Paramount is an atmospheric theater  and is one of twelve atmospheric theaters left standing in the United States and Canada. The auditorium was decorated in the style of a Spanish village.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The theater has been extensively restored and reopened in 1995 as the Paramount Theatre Centre and Ballroom. The theater includes its original Page theater organ, now restored. A contest for "Best Decorated Christmas Tree" is held in the theater every Christmas.</p><br>
<p>The Pedro Anchustegui Pelota Court is a Basque pelota court located on West 2nd North Street in Mountain Home, Idaho. The court was built in 1908 during a period of Basque immigration to Idaho. Basque immigrants largely settled in the Boise and Mountain Home regions, where they herded sheep; Basque pelota, a sport similar to handball, was one of their main forms of recreation. The Pedro Anchustegui Pelota Court is the only outdoor Basque pelota court remaining in Idaho.</p><br>
<p>The court was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 30, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Anderson Museum of Art  is located in downtown Anderson, Indiana at 32 West 10th Street in the former Carnegie Library building built partly in honor of educator and railroad executive John Byers Anderson. The building, as Carnegie Public Library, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The center is located in the Beaux-Arts-style former Carnegie library. Andrew Carnegie provided a $50,000 grant for the building&#39;s construction. The building features a 35 ft high rotunda with a 40 ft stained glass domed ceiling and marble floors. The library moved to a new facility in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The museum specializes in collecting Indiana and contemporary art.</p><br>
<p>Old Upper Springfield Friends Burying Ground is a cemetery located in Springfield Township and Wrightstown, in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery and the accompanying meeting house were placed on both the New Jersey (state ID # 875) and the National Register of Historic Places (Reference # 79001479) in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Newbold (1760-1823), represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives from 1807 to 1813.</p><br>
<p>George Sykes (1802-1880), represented New Jersey&#39;s 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1843 to 1845, and was reelected in 1845 to fill a vacancy, serving until 1847.</p><br>
<p>The Red Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that runs over Big Bureau Creek north of Princeton in Dover Township, Bureau County, Illinois. It was originally built in 1863, at a cost of $3,148.57. The 149 ft span is one of ten remaining covered bridges in Illinois, and it is still open to traffic, though now covered with CCTV cameras. It was once part of the Peoria-Galena Trail.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1975.</p><br>
<p>In April 2021, a truck driver&#39;s GPS routing system sent him through the bridge; the truck caused some damage before he stopped and backed out. Additional height and weight restriction signs were added after the incident. In mid-November 2023, the iconic bridge was severely damaged by a semi tractor trailer crossing and was closed indefinitely for damage assessment and pending future plans.</p><br>
<p>Villa Lewaro, also known as the Madam C.J. Walker estate, is a 34-room 20,000 ft&sup2; mansion located at Fargo Lane and North Broadway  in Irvington, New York, 30 miles north of New York City. Entrepreneur Madam C.J. Walker commissioned architect Vertner Tandy to build Villa Lewaro from 1916 to 1918. It was designed in the Italianate style and named for Walkers daughter, Lelia Walker Robinson . An additional site, the Dark Tower Walker residence with business occupancy, was established in New York Citys Harlem neighborhood, thus completing the Walker property portfolio.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>From 1918 to 1919, Villa Lewaro was the home of Madam C. J. Walker, an African-American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and a political and social activist who was the first female self-made millionaire in the United States. She became one of the wealthiest self-made women in America and one of the most successful women and African-American business owners ever. Walker&#39;s fortune was founded on her developing and marketing a line of beauty and hair products for black women.</p><br>
<p>The mansion is an Italianate villa house designed for Walker by Vertner Tandy, the first African-American architect registered in New York, and has been considered to be one of his greatest works. It was constructed during 1916–1918 at an estimated cost of $250,000, and was furnished lavishly. The name Villa Lewaro was coined by a distinguished visitor, Enrico Caruso, from the first two letters of each word in Lelia Walker Robinson, the name of Walkers daughter, who later went by the name of ALelia Walker.</p><br>
<p>The home was used as a conference center on race relations issues, and as a meeting place for people involved in the Harlem Renaissance, including W. E. B. Dubois and Langston Hughes. Madam C. J. Walker died there in 1919, and the house was inherited by her daughter A&#39;Lelia Walker, who owned it until she herself died in 1931. She left it to the NAACP, but because of the challenges of paying the taxes and general maintenance of the home during the Great Depression, the estate and the NAACP agreed to sell the property and split the proceeds.</p><br>
<p>The estate was bought by the Companions of the Forest in America, and became the Anne E. Poth Home for Convalescent and Aged Members of that group. The house became a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and has been a private residence since the mid-1980s.</p><br>
<h3>Purchase by Harold Doley</h3><br>
<p>In 1993, Villa Lewaro was purchased by Harold Doley, founder of Doley Securities, LLC, the oldest African-American-owned and operated investment banking firm in the United States. According to the New York Post:</p><br>
<p>The Doleys upgraded the house’s mechanical, electrical, heating and plumbing systems. They reconstructed the terra cotta roof with materials from the original manufacturer and restored the wall paintings in the dining and music rooms.</p><br>
<p>Doley has hoped to attract investors to help turn the residence into a museum. During 1998 it was a designer show house benefiting the United Negro College Fund.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, it was added to the African American Heritage Trail of Westchester County, a group of 13 sites which include the Rye African-American Cemetery, Saint Paul&#39;s Church National Historic Site and the Jay Estate.</p><br>
<p>In May 2014, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, which has designated the mansion as a "National Treasure", began a project with the active support of Doley, which it called "Envisioning Villa Lewaros Future", to determine the appropriate re-use of the mansion, which was becoming available for purchase. Three scenarios were selected by a workshop organized by the Trust: a spa and salon, a "Center for Innovation in Technology", and a corporate events venue, while a fourth – continued residential use – was suggested by the Trust afterwards; other scenarios were rejected by the workshop, although the Trust recommended that one – a cultural arts performance venue – be reconsidered. Others have suggested that the mansion be used as a center for information about Madame Walker and Vertner Tandy, the architect. In 2017, a representative of the National Trust reported that despite the mansions status as a National Historic Landmark "there’s no oversight or review to stop an external agency to propose changes to the building..." The Trusts concern is that significantly changing the mansion, or, worse, demolishing it, would be a slight to Walkers life achievements.</p><br>
<p>In May 2017, Westchester County certified an easement under the auspices of the National Trust, a significant step in the house becoming a museum. The Doleys are exploring ways to continue to live in the house if and when it achieves that status. On December 22 of that year, the National Trust&#39;s African-American Cultural Heritage Action Fund confirmed the preservation easement, which would protect the historic and architectural qualities of the mansion and its property.</p><br>
<h3>Purchase by New Voices Foundation</h3><br>
<p>On December 20, 2018, the National Trust for Historic Preservation announced that the estate had been sold in mid-September to the New Voices Foundation, which was founded by Richelieu Dennis. An emigrant from Liberia, Dennis is the owner of Essence magazine and the 1992 founder of Sundial Brands, a skin and hair care products company which is now a division of Unilever. He purchased Madam Walkers brands in 2013 and relaunched them. The purchase price paid by New Voices Foundation &ndash; which helps women entrepreneurs of color &ndash; was not released. The foundation plans on renovating the estate and will operate it, possibly as a think tank, training center or retreat to support the foundations mission. They would be aided by a change in the village of Irvington&#39;s zoning laws, which provides tax relief for registered historical buildings adaptively re-used for non-residential purposes, such as schools, tours and specific types of events.</p><br>
<p>On August 3, 2021, the New Voices Foundation presented preliminary plans for the use of the property to the Irvington Board of Trustees. The three-part plan calls for the creation of the Madam C. J. Walker Institute for Women of Color Entrepreneurs dedicated to "educating, empowering and uplifting women of color entrepreneurs" through workshops and seminars, special events related to that charitable purpose which could attract up to 400 people, and private tours of the house limited to 50 people, fulfilling a requirement of the National Trust for Historic Places that the house be open to the public periodically. The plan for special events, and the associated parking problems, received the most attention from the board, as the property has only 12 parking spaces, and valet parking would increase that to 21 spaces. With an event of 400 people, a considerably larger number of cars would be expected, and talks were underway with the three nearby churches to make use of their parking lots, with shuttle buses bringing people to Villa Lewaro. It was pointed out that there was in place a stipulation for the Armour-Stiner Octagon House &ndash; the only other application of "adaptive re-use" in the village &ndash; for a sizable event to be pre-approved by the board. New Voices&#39; formal application was expected to be filed on August 30.</p><br>
<h3>Events</h3><br>
<p>On July 10, 2021, fashion designer Kerby Jean-Raymond showed his first couture collection at Villa Lewaro, two days after it was forced to be rescheduled due to torrential rain and lightning &ndash; although the downpour on Thursday the 8th did not stop the audience from partying while they waited to see if the show would go on. When the show, entitled "Wat U Iz", was finally presented in its entirety on Saturday the 10th, the clothing for the designer&#39;s Pyer Moss label included a dress shaped like a jar of peanut butter, a cape made out of hair rollers, and clothing that looked variously like a kitchen mop, an ice cream cone with chaps, an air conditioner, and an old mobile phone.</p><br>
<p>Jean-Raymond was the first African-American designer to be asked by France&#39;s Chambre Syndicale de la Couture to show a collection during Paris Couture Week; the show was live-streamed to Paris. In the notes for the show, the designer said about Madame Walker that " wealth was more than money.... Black prosperity begins in the mind, in the spirit and in each other. She knew that no dollar amount could ever satisfy the price tag of freedom — that green sheets of paper & copper coins could never mend souls, heal hearts or undo the evil we’ve endured."</p><br>
<p>Parking problems caused by the event, which was attended by 700 people, were discussed by the Irvington Board of Trustees at their meeting on August 3, 2021. On July 17, 2023, the Board of Trustees issued a special one-year permit for Villa Lewaro to be used as "a historical, educational and cultural facility, specifically, as home to the Madam C.J. Walker Institute for Women of Color Entrepreneurs." The permit specified limits on the number and nature of events, parking, and the allowed amount of noise. The permit would become active once structural repairs were completed, and the village issued a Temporary Certificate of Occupancy.</p><br>
<p>Rock Eagle Effigy Mound is an archaeological site in Putnam County, Georgia, USA estimated to have been constructed c. 1000 BC to AD 1000 . The earthwork was built up of thousands of pieces of quartzite laid in the mounded shape of a large bird . Although it is most often referred to as an eagle, scholars do not know exactly what type of bird the original builders intended to portray. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places  because of its significance. The University of Georgia administers the site. It uses much of the adjoining land for a 4-H camp, with cottages and other buildings, and day and residential environmental education.</p><br>
<p>What prompted the early inhabitants of Middle Georgia, who lived in a time long before the rise of the later Mississippian, Creek and Cherokee cultures, to build these massive effigy mounds is still something of a mystery. They obviously hold ceremonial significance and the Rock Eagle seems to have been expanded from a large dome-shaped central mound.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Only two such bird effigy mounds have been found east of the Mississippi River. The other, known as Rock Hawk, is also located in Putnam County, approximately thirteen miles to the southeast. (33&deg; latitude, 20.693&deg; longitude)</p><br>
<p>Rock Eagle was once thought to be as much as 5,000 years old. While there is strong evidence that the area was occupied by Archaic Indians at that time, scholars no longer believe that they created the mound. Current archaeology suggests the mound was built between 1,000 and 3,000 years ago by Woodland Indians. These Native Americans may have been part of the Adena or Hopewell cultures. It is more likely that they represented a unique group. Rock Eagle is the next oldest Indian mound in Georgia after the Sapelo Shell Ring Complex.</p><br>
<p>Early settlers of the region thought it might cover some fantastic buried treasure and dug into it from time to time, but 20th century archaeologists found only that the eagle was built atop a natural rock outcrop. Theories as to the reasons for its construction currently range from the need for some central burial place by the ancient inhabitants of the area to the possibility that the people of Rock Eagle were sending a message to the gods.</p><br>
<p>The mound depicts a bird with a large beak and a fan tail. Archeologist Charles T. Hyatt produced the earliest measurements in 1877. It measures 120 feet from head to tail and 102 feet from wingtip to wingtip. The birds head is often described as being turned to the east (see Marker) "to face the rising sun", perhaps to suggest a cosmological significance to its placement. However, the birds head actually faces south by southeast, and its beak points almost due south. The rocks comprising the bird&#39;s chest are piled eight to ten feet high, while the wings, tail, and head rise lower. Archeologists found non-indigenous clay on the mound, suggesting that materials were brought to it from other areas during construction.</p><br>
<p>Early archaeologists also found evidence of a human cremation on the mound, as well as a projectile point. Some scholars believe the mound resembles a buzzard or vulture more than an eagle. As the buzzard was a symbol of death among some of the indigenous peoples, it would have been a fitting image for a burial mound.</p><br>
<p>Scholarly study of the Rock Eagle Effigy Mound began by 1877, when noted archaeologist Dr. Vincenzo Petrullo published measurements of the image. University of Georgia archaeologist A. R. Kelly excavated much of the site during the 1930s. Because of this excavation, a single set of human and animal bones remain and a projectile point was found that may or may not be related to the effigy. Archaeological excavations into the mound over the years have found a surprisingly small number of artifacts other than the stones from which it was built. A 1950s research project did find a single quartz tool at Rock Eagle, along with evidence of cremated human burials in the mound. Otherwise, the structure has revealed very little about its intended purpose.</p><br>
<p>The property was sold to the United States government during this time by Florence Scott. In association with the University of Georgia, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) constructed a granite tower at the foot of the effigy. This made an "aerial" view of the site possible for visitors. In 1954 Kelly reported that both Rock Eagle and Rock Hawk showed indications of having been enclosed by a wall of material similar to the rocks used to construct the effigies. This, perhaps, associates them with the builders of similar walls at Stone Mountain (destroyed, 1923) and Fort Mountain (still standing). An extensive renovation was completed on this site, removing plants from the mound and replacing rocks that were scattered nearby. The mound rises 10 feet above ground level and consists of thousands of small to medium-size rocks.</p><br>
<p>The stone tower built by the CCC workers in the 1930s provides views of the Rock Eagle. A paved pathway circles the effigy and there are interpretive panels to explain the significance of the site. The USA Department of the Interior listed Rock Eagle on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Access to the mound itself is strictly prohibited, and the site is surrounded by a tall fence. The University of Georgia administers the site. It uses much of the adjoining land for a 4-H camp, with cottages and other buildings, and day and residential environmental education.</p><br>
<p>Visitors are permitted to visit the mound free of charge. The site is located adjacent to State Route 441 between the cities of Madison and Eatonton. The park is 1500 acres in total.</p><br>
<h2>Marker</h2><br>
<p>In 1940 a state heritage society put a bronze marker near the head of the image. The text reads:</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>The adjoining Rock Eagle 4-H Center is named after the effigy. It uses an image of the mound on the masthead of Wingspan, the center&#39;s newsletter.</p><br>
<p>RockEagle1.jpgMound viewed from adjacent observation tower</p><br>
<p>RockEagleMarker.jpgBronze marker at the effigy&#39;s head</p><br>
<p>RockEagleMound&Tower.jpgMound and observation tower viewed through protective fence</p><br>
<p>RockEagleTail.jpgThe effigy&#39;s tail, viewed from the foot of the observation tower</p><br>
<p>24-10-001-rock-eagle.jpgHistorical Marker</p><br>
<p>The Huguenot Schoolhouse, also known as District Schoolhouse No. 3, the 1863 Schoolhouse and the Town of Deerpark Museum, is located on South Grange Road a short distance from US 209 in Huguenot, a hamlet of the Town of Deerpark in Orange County, New York, United States. It was built in 1863, and is a large, one-story, Greek Revival style masonry building. It closed as a school in 1961, and currently serves as a local historic museum. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, the only property in the town of Deerpark so recognized besides the remnants of the Delaware and Hudson Canal.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas and Mary Nimmo Moran House is a historic house museum at 229 Main Street in East Hampton, New York. Built in 1884, it was the home of Mary Nimmo Moran and Thomas Moran, both accomplished painters of the nineteenth century. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 for its association with Thomas Moran, the first major painter to bring scenes of the American West to the rest of the country. The house has been restored and opened to the public by reservation under the care of the East Hampton Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thomas and Mary Nimmo Moran House stands in the village of East Hampton, on the west side of Main Street between Woods Lane and Mill Hill Lane. It is an eclectic two-story frame structure, built in 1884 by Thomas Moran using predominantly recycled construction materials. The main room in the house, which dominates the front facade was Thomas Moran&#39;s studio. It is a large and airy room with 20-foot ceilings where Moran completed many of his works. Moran entertained many visitors and fellow artists in his home, including J. Thompson and Robert Wood.</p><br>
<p>The house was the Morans primary residence from 1884 until Thomas death in 1926. He and Mary are buried in the South Side Cemetery by the Town Pond. The house remained privately owned until 2004 when its owner Elizabeth Lamb died and left it to the owners of Guild Hall (East Hampton&#39;s cultural center dedicated in 1931 which is several blocks from the Moran House). The house had fallen into considerable disrepair. In June 2008, the house was transferred to the Thomas Moran Trust in order to raise funds for the restoration of the structure. That restoration was finished in early 2018.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Paine Cottage in New Rochelle, New York, in the United States, was the home from 1802 to 1806 of Thomas Paine, author of Common Sense, USA Founding Father, and Revolutionary War hero. Paine was buried near the cottage from his death in 1809 until his body was disinterred in 1819. It was one of a number of buildings located on the 300 acre farm given to Paine by the State of New York in 1784, in recognition of his services in the cause of Independence. It was here in August 1805 that he wrote his last pamphlet, which was addressed to the citizens of Philadelphia on "Constitutional Reform".</p><br>
<p>The cottage has been owned by the "Huguenot and New Rochelle Historical Association" and has been operated as a historic house museum since 1910. The cottage is open to the public most Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays 10–5 p.m. There are numerous weekend events scheduled at the cottage throughout the year including their Colonial Fair in the spring and Colonial Tavern night during ArtsFest in October and a Toys for Tots drive in December. The cottage hosts many local school field trips.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The cottage is a two-story wood-frame saltbox structure. It began as a simple building 16 ft wide and 31 ft deep. In 1804, an additional 18 by wing with a porch was constructed. An exterior door and porch pillars in the Greek Revival style were added in about 1830. The main house has three rooms set one behind the other; the kitchen in front, a common room in the center and a bedroom in the rear. The wing to the right contains the parlor and there are four bedrooms on the second floor. The entrance door and the pillars of the porch on the wing are Greek Revival and were added about 1830. The current arrangement has rooms decorated in the late 18th and early 19th century style as well as exhibits pertaining to the history of New Rochelle, the local Siwanoy Indians, and the Huguenots.</p><br>
<p>The front door to the cottage enters directly into its main room, which is maintained as the "Huguenot Room". The desk is said to have belonged to Jacques Flandreau, an early Huguenot settler of the town. Over the desk is a steel engraving from the celebrated painting at Versailles showing King Henry IV of France (Henry of Navarre) entering Paris through the unfinished Porte-Neuve on the morning of March 22, 1594.</p><br>
<p>The rear room on the first floor is known as the "Paine Room". On Christmas Eve, 1805, a gun was fired into this room in an attempt on Paine&#39;s life. He described the incident in a letter:</p><br>
<p>There are several interesting items in this room. There are two chairs used by Paine when he boarded at Bayeau&#39;s Tavern, almost directly across North Avenue. Another item is the stove set in the chimney. It was presented by Benjamin Franklin to Thomas Paine, and is one of the few real Franklin stoves in existence. Still another item is a warming pan which belonged to Mrs. Sarah Bache (1774-1808), daughter of Benjamin Franklin and wife of Richard Bache who was postmaster-general of the United States from 1776 to 1782.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>A 2009 restoration project at the Cottage has enabled the site to more accurately relate the story of the building once owned by one of the leading figures in Americas fight for Independence. The stewards of the Cottage, members of the Huguenot and New Rochelle Historical Association, were able to raise funds to complete critically needed repairs on the 200+ year old building. In the process, the group also recognized the need to return the building to its original integrity, to the extent documented in archival photographs and by physical evidence. With a $50,000 grant obtained by State Assemblywoman Amy Paulin and individual donations, the Association hired local architect John Woodruff and the restoration firm, Salem Preservation, Inc. of Salem, NY, for the exteriors restoration. As the Cottage is also a locally designated property, the New Rochelle Historical and Landmarks Review Board reviewed all aspects of the project before it moved forward.</p><br>
<p>The work included the removal of the asphalt roof and replacement with wood shingles, which also included exposing two original windows on the upper floor. Other major work to restore the building to its original integrity involved the reconstruction of a separate roof above the porch and below the windows and the replacement of wood shingles on the entire house with Weatherboard and the repair and replacement of gutters and wood trim.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Thauvet-Besley-DeVeaux-Paine Farm</h3><br>
<p>The park in which Paines Cottage now stands is a very small section of the Thomas Paine farm. This farm in turn was a part of the original purchase of four hundred acres of land, made in 1690, by Andre Thauvet, one of the first Huguenot settlers of New Rochelle. Thauvet deeded two hundred and seventy-six acres to Captain Oliver Besley, another Huguenot, then a Justice of the Peace and at one time the commanding officer of the local company of militia. By the time of the American Revolution, the property was owned by Tory Frederick DeVeaux/Davoue. During the Revolution Davoue remained loyal to the British crown. His active participation against the patriot cause, both in civil and military affairs, brought upon him a conviction for treason against the State of New York which resulted in the confiscation of his property. DeVeaux became a voluntary exile in Nova Scotia with other Tories. The farm was granted to Thomas Paine by act of New York State Legislature in 1784 in recognition of his "distinguished merit" and "eminent services rendered the United States in the progress of the late war." The large original stone farmhouse on the Davoue farm was destroyed by fire in 1793, during Paines absence in France.</p><br>
<p>The 277 acre farm was originally owned by the Tory Frederick DeVeaux (sometimes spelled "Davoue"), but was confiscated after the war.</p><br>
<p>320 acres including the farm were presented to Paine in 1784 by act of the New York State Legislature for his service.</p><br>
<h3>Huguenot Association</h3><br>
<p>The Huguenot Association acquired the house from Charles See, who wanted to subdivide the property for real estate development. It was moved approximately 440 yards west to its current location at 20 Sicard Avenue in 1908. This is the last extant portion of the original farm owned by Paine.</p><br>
<p>The current cottage was built in 1793 near the site of the Davoue house on the south side of Paine Lane, now called Paine Avenue. This house was built in two parts, the present westerly section, soon after 1793, and the easterly addition probably about 1804. Paine owned the property for twenty five years and appears to have leased it a large part of the time. He made no pretensions of being a farmer, and his letters clearly show that writing was his chief occupation and farm operations were of secondary importance. He described the farm in a letter to Thomas Jefferson in 1804:</p><br>
<h3>Preservation of the Cottage</h3><br>
<p>The erection of the Thomas Paine Monument in 1839 was followed by several attempts to preserve the cottage in which Paine had lived as an additional Memorial. One of the most ambitious of these was in 1850 when not only the cottage itself was purchased, but also a considerable part of the original farm. This project was later abandoned and the property sold. It was not until 1908 that the efforts to preserve the cottage were successful. In that year it became necessary either to remove the house to a new location or demolish it outright. The owner, Charles W. Seer, generously gifted it to the New Rochelle Huguenot Association who in turn approved the purchase of the park in which the cottage now stands, which was a portion of the Paine farm. The cottage was removed to its present site, repaired, and outfitted as a museum and historical headquarters. It was dedicated on July 14, 1910, and formally opened to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Cottage grounds</h2><br>
<h3>Burial Site</h3><br>
<p>Paine died in Greenwich Village, New York on June 8, 1809. He wanted to be buried in the Quaker cemetery but, due to his writings, he was refused. His few remaining friends brought his body back to New Rochelle and interred on his farm as directed by his will:</p><br>
<p>The site chosen for the grave was in the northwest corner of the field immediately south of the old Davoue Farm lane near the intersection with North Avenue. The site was marked by a marble headstone and was enclosed by a low stone wall.</p><br>
<p>In 1819, the English radical William Cobbett removed Paines remains to England to build a larger memorial, but Cobbett died before succeeding and the remains disappeared. Dr. Moncure D. Conway claimed to have recovered a portion of Paines brain around 1905; it was subsequently buried under the monument on October 14, 1905.</p><br>
<h3>Museum</h3><br>
<p>Located adjacent to the cottage is a 1925 museum dedicated to Paine created by the Thomas Paine National Historical Association. The organization, founded in 1905, is not connected either to the cottage or to the Huguenot and New Rochelle Historical Association.</p><br>
<h3>Monument</h3><br>
<p>The creation of the Thomas Paine monument was organized and carried to completion by Paine biographer and radical New York publisher, educator, and reformer Gilbert Vale. Vale&#39;s fellow American radical and Workingman, the sculptor and architect John Frazee, created the marble monument itself. An 1881 bronze bust of Paine by Wilson McDonald was later added. It was moved next to the current location of the cottage in 1905. It is owned by the city of New Rochelle.</p><br>
<h3>Brewster Schoolhouse</h3><br>
<p>The Sophia Brewster One-Room Schoolhouse, the oldest private school in New Rochelle, was also moved to the property.</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas Episcopal Church is located on River Road in New Windsor, New York, a short distance off US 9W. It is part of the Episcopal Diocese of New York. The small stone building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation of St. Thomas Episcopal Church was organized about 1728, and initially met at Col. Thomas Ellison&#39;s store. The parish was established in 1818 and the first church building was erected on land bequeathed by Thomas Ellison. A rectory was built in 1859, but sold in 1864.</p><br>
<p>St. Georges Episcopal Church in Newburgh developed from New Windsors St. Thomas.</p><br>
<p>In 1845, the old church was destroyed by a fire, leaving the parishioners without a chapel for some time. When visiting his brother Charles, who had married an Ellison, the Rev. Dr. Henry J. Morton spoke with the family and told them of his involvement in the planning of St. James the Less Church in Philadelphia. When Morton had shared the plans with Thomas Ellison IV, he was so inspired that he drew up a subscription list for parishioners. They pledged money to build a new church, nearly two thousand dollars.</p><br>
<p>Ellison traveled to New York City and discussed Mortons sketches with architect Owen G. Warren, a director of the Mechanics Institute of the City of New York. He previously practiced law, and was a drafter for Alexander Jackson Davis in 1845. Warrens first work of church architecture was the Church of the Annunciation on West 14th Street, which opened for services in August 1847. Construction of St. Thomas began before the autumn of 1846, and the interior took longer than anticipated to finish. In December 1847, the church interior was still under construction, and A. J. Downing favored Warren&#39;s specifications for a newly-invented liquid wood stain that would give the beams a much older appearance. On September 14, 1848, the new church building was consecrated.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The plan for the church was based upon St. Michaels Church in Longstanton, Cambridgeshire, England, built in 1230. St. Thomas became known as the “first Medieval Gothic Church in the United States". Warren reduced the size of the church by about 2 feet, as St. Michaels measures 49 x 31 and St. Thomas measures 47 x 33. The chancels of both are 15 feet wide, but the deepness of St. Michaels, about 30, was reduced to about 15.</p><br>
<p>The granite stone came from rock blasted out of nearby Breakneck Mountain to create the tunnel for the Hudson River Railroad.</p><br>
<p>A Tiffany Studios landscape window titled "Calvary" was added in 1906. Others windows are by D. Maitland Armstrong, a native of Newburgh and friend of the Chrystie family.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, artist Lee Woodward Zeigler completed a large altar mural, titled "Christ&#39;s Ascension". It depicts lifesize images of saints, marytrs and angels, crowded beneath a golden cross. Zeigler had married in the church five years prior and had a summer residence, Fanewood, less than a mile above the church.</p><br>
<p>The Bronck House, also known as the Pieter Bronck House, is a historic house museum west of Coxsackie in Greene County, New York. With a construction history dating to 1663, it is believed to be the oldest surviving building in Upstate New York, and is a well-preserved example of early Dutch and Swedish Colonial architecture. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1967. It is now a museum property managed by the county historical society.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bronck House is located on Pieter Bronck Road, off US 9W, between the New York Thruway and the town of Coxsackie on the west side of the Hudson River. The house consists of a series of connected structures, oriented roughly north–south on the south side of Pieter Bronck Road east of Coxsackie Creek. The southernmost section is the oldest part: it is a single-pile structure with thick stone walls, with a steeply pitched gable roof. Its interior as built consisted of single open chambers on two floors, with a loft space in the attic. The interior has original and restored elements, including wide floor boards and doors with original hardware.</p><br>
<p>In 1738, Leender Bronck, Pieter&#39;s grandson, built a larger brick house that was connected to the first house by a brick passageway. In 1792 the Broncks added a stone addition to the rear of the 1738 structure, using construction methods similar to that of the 1663 building.</p><br>
<p>The main USA Post Office in Newburgh, New York is located at 215-217 Liberty Street two blocks north of Broadway. It serves the 12550 ZIP Code, which covers the city and nearby areas of the Town of Newburgh. There is a branch station located on Broadway in the western neighborhood of the city. The building itself is a two-story brick structure built in the early 1930s. It was designed under the supervision of James Wetmore, supervising architect for the Treasury Department at the time, and takes a Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989; it is also a contributing property to the Montgomery-Grand-Liberty Streets Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Verlot Public Service Center used to be a ranger station, but is now just a visitor center after combining with the Darrington Ranger District. It is located on the Mountain Loop Highway eleven miles east of Granite Falls and is part of the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The center was constructed by the CCC during the Great Depression and the building reflects the architectural style of that time. The building houses a museum, and maps, weather and hiking information, books, and park passes are available. Nearby popular trails include the Big Four Ice Caves and Mount Pilchuck.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Draper Observatory, also known as Draper Cottage and incorrectly as the John William Draper House, is a historic house and local history museum in Draper Park off US 9 in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, United States. Its core is an astronomical observatory built about 1860 for Henry Draper . It was here that he made astrophotography history, taking some of the earliest photographs of the Moon to include identifiable features through a telescope in 1863.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975, on the mistaken belief the building was a residence of Henry Draper&#39;s father, John William Draper (1811-1882). The elder Draper was in his time a noted scientist, active in a variety of disciplines, who was best remembered for improvements he made to the daguerrotype process of photography. He was influential in his lifetime, and was one of the last generation of general natural scientists before specialization within fields became common.</p><br>
<p>The observatory was enlarged under Henry Draper&#39;s use with a second dome, and passed to his sister Antonia Draper Dixon after his death. The second dome was destroyed by fire in 1905, but was rebuilt by Dixon. The building was reconfigured in 1912 by Dixon for use as her residence, and it remained her home until her death in 1923. The building and the surrounding Henry Draper Park, after protracted decision-making and legal issues, passed to the village of Hastings-on-Hudson, with the stipulation that the building be used as a museum. It is now home to the local historical society.</p><br>
<p>The John Patrick McNaughton Barn, also known as the McNaughton Barn or the Max Mirage View Farm Barn, is a 3½ story wooden barn located in Ottawa County near Miami, Oklahoma. Built on a rising hill in 1893 as a multi-purpose barn, the McNaughton Barn is still in use today at the Ankenman Ranch, a working cattle ranch.</p><br>
<p>The barn stands on a limestone foundation dug from the hill itself. The structure covers approximately 9600 ft² (842 m), laid out in a symmetrical, 80 ft by 120 ft (24.3 m by 36.5 m) rectangle with a long, low Dutch hip roof. There is a single gabled dormer on the south side. A cupola can be seen in early photographs of the barn, but it was lost or removed sometime after 1906.</p><br>
<p>The first floor has two aisles of stalls, with dirt floors as part of the barns foundation. One aisle holds 16 stalls for large draft horses, and the other contains 10 stalls for smaller horses and stallions. Each stall has a small window, a grain bin, and a hay trough. The hay trough is fed by a chute from the hay racks on the second floor. The livestock entrances, on the south and east sides of brace posts, are sheltered under the barns roof. The ground floor has four large grain storage areas, floor scales, three tack rooms, an office, a repair and storage area, and a chute from the grain storage areas on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The second floor, accessed by a wide staircase, holds the grain storage area and hay racks. In earlier times, sleeping quarters for visitors were located on the second floor. A portion of the third floor, accessed by a narrow set of stairs, is open to the second floor, to allow the second floor hay to cure. A pulley system with trap doors to the first floor was used to raise grain to this floor, which was then poured into one of the three grain columns for distribution to the livestock and other storage areas.</p><br>
<p>Over a century of hard work and Oklahoma weather, the barn gradually fell into disrepair. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as an "outstanding local example of a massive prairie barn." The Ankenman Ranch began restoration of the McNaughton Barn in 2001, and completed the effort in 2002.</p><br>
<p>General Electric Research Laboratory was the first industrial research facility in the United States. Established in 1900, the lab was home to the early technological breakthroughs of General Electric and created a research and development environment that set the standard for industrial innovation for years to come. It developed into GE Global Research that now covers an array of technological research, ranging from healthcare to transportation systems, at multiple locations throughout the world. Its campus in Schenectady, New York was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founding</h3><br>
<p>Founded in 1900 by Thomas Edison, Willis R. Whitney, and Charles Steinmetz, this lab defined industrial research for years to come. Elihu Thomson, one of the founding members of the laboratory, summed up the goal of the lab saying, "It does seem to me therefore that a Company as large as the General Electric Company, should not fail to continue investing and developing in new fields: there should, in fact, be a research laboratory for commercial applications of new principles, and even for the discovery of those principles." Whitney and the founders of the research lab took many of their lab ideals from a German university model. German universities allowed professors to research and experiment with their own interests to seek further knowledge without having commercial or economic interests in mind. Other German scientists also researched exclusively with business in mind. But, these two views contributed to a successful relationship between science and industry. It was this success that influenced Whitney in his vision for the GE Research Lab.</p><br>
<p>The laboratory began at a time when the American electrification process was in its infant stage. General Electric became the leader of this move toward electrifying the United States and developing new technologies for many other science and technology fields. Willis Whitney and his assistant, Thomas Dempster, were the key researchers in developing the electrical technology that allowed the laboratory to continue to grow. Nearly 30 years after its founding, the laboratory had expanded the staff to more than 400 chemists, physicists, and electrical engineers, plus their assistants.</p><br>
<h3>Early success</h3><br>
<p>It took several years for the lab to follow through with the vision to create all original innovations, instead of improving on the inventions already in place. GEs earliest project was perfecting the incandescent light bulb. In 1908, engineer and new head researcher William Coolidge invented the ductile tungsten light bulb filament, providing a more durable and long-lasting light filament than the existing technology. "The invention secured GEs technological leadership in the market and epitomized the role of the GE research lab — bringing innovation to the marketplace." But, that work was still an improvement on existing technology and nothing entirely new. In the coming years, GE scientists earned two Nobel Prizes in chemistry and physics. In 1932, Irving Langmuir won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on surface chemical reactions which helped him develop the gas-filled light bulb in 1916. After patenting many inventions, Langmuir developed his new light bulb which reinvented lights altogether. By 1928, due to Langmuirs innovation, GE held 96% of incandescent light sales in America. That entirely new invention set GE on a path to follow through with Whitney and Rices vision for the lab.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>Starting with the success of the incandescent and gas-filled light bulbs, General Electric expanded its research to a range of technological and scientific fields. It strove for commercial goals in any innovation they achieved. Throughout its history, the General Electric Research Laboratory has earned thousands of patents for innovative technology, redefining industries and commercial products.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, the laboratory became GE Global Research after opening a research center in Bangalore, India. GE later opened research laboratories in Oklahoma, China, Germany, and Brazil, but closed all but the New York and India locations in 2017 as part of cost cutting measures. GE has expanded its research beyond lighting to appliances, aviation, electrical distribution, energy, healthcare, media & entertainment, oil & gas, transportation, and water, along with numerous other fields. They employ 3,000 employees and continue to bring innovation and technology to the world, the same goal of General Electric that was first proposed by Whitney and Steinmetz.</p><br>
<h2>Notable historic innovations</h2><br>
<p>1900: GE Industrial Research Laboratory is established</p><br>
<p>1902: Electric fan</p><br>
<p>1908: Tungsten light bulb filament</p><br>
<p>1910: First electric hotpoint range</p><br>
<p>1916: Gas-filled light bulb</p><br>
<p>1918: Record-capacity water wheel generator at Niagara Falls</p><br>
<p>1918: Trans-oceanic radio system</p><br>
<p>1920: Portable x-ray machine</p><br>
<p>1921: GE turbosupercharger engine helps an aircraft reach a record altitude</p><br>
<p>1921: Magnetron vacuum tube</p><br>
<p>1927: First television brought into the home</p><br>
<p>1941: First USA Jet Engine</p><br>
<p>1943: First auto-pilot system</p><br>
<p>1946: Cloud seeding developed</p><br>
<p>1949: The J47 jet engine is developed, which came to be the most produced gas turbine jet engine in history</p><br>
<p>1962: Solid-state laser</p><br>
<p>1969: Key technologies in the first Moon landing</p><br>
<p>1976: Computed Tomography (CT) scanner</p><br>
<p>1983: Signa Magnetic Resonance Imaging system (MRI)</p><br>
<p>2002: Popularization of wind turbines</p><br>
<p>2003: Fuel-efficient Evolution Series locomotive engine</p><br>
<p>2007: First 24 cylinder internal combustion engine</p><br>
<h2>Notable employees</h2><br>
<p>Ralph Alpher, cosmologist</p><br>
<p>LeRoy Apker, solid-state physicist</p><br>
<p>George C. Baldwin, theoretical and experimental physicist</p><br>
<p>Frank Benford, electrical engineer and physicist best known for rediscovering and generalizing Benford&#39;s law</p><br>
<p>Charles Coffin, businessman and engineer</p><br>
<p>William David Coolidge, physicist</p><br>
<p>Thomas Edison, inventor, scientist and businessman</p><br>
<p>Ivar Giaever, Nobel Laureate and physicist</p><br>
<p>Juris Hartmanis, Turing Award for computational complexity theory</p><br>
<p>Robert N. Hall, physicist, inventor of the first laser diode</p><br>
<p>Nick Holonyak, physicist, inventor of the first visible light laser diode</p><br>
<p>Peter T. Kirstein, computer scientist</p><br>
<p>Irving Langmuir, Nobel Laureate, chemist and physicist</p><br>
<p>David Musser, computer scientist</p><br>
<p>Richard E. Stearns, Turing Award for computational complexity theory</p><br>
<p>Charles Proteus Steinmetz, mathematician and electrical engineer</p><br>
<p>Alexander Stepanov, computer scientist</p><br>
<p>Elihu Thomson, engineer and inventor</p><br>
<p>Sasikanth Manipatruni, electrical engineer and inventor</p><br>
<p>Willis Rodney Whitney, chemist</p><br>
<p>Kurt Vonnegut, writer</p><br>
<p>Christopher J. Hardy, physicist and technologist Magnetic resonance imaging</p><br>
<p>William A. Edelstein, physicist and technologist Magnetic resonance imaging</p><br>
<p>The Montgomery–Grand–Liberty Streets historic district was the first of two to be designated in the city of Newburgh, New York, United States. It runs along the three named north-south streets in the northeast quadrant of the city and includes 250 buildings in its 1,010 acres. The later East End Historic District  is nearby.</p><br>
<p>Much of the districts historical character comes from its historic homes, dating to the 19th century. Many were built by local industrialists to take advantage of the views over the Hudson River available from the neighborhood. Some incorporated groundbreaking design trends pioneered by Newburgh native Andrew Jackson Downing, making the area important in architectural history. It was thus added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Three contributing properties — the David Crawford House, Old Town Cemetery, and Newburghs main post office — are separately listed on the Register, and one, the Dutch Reformed Church, has been recognized as a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district was defined and recognized by the city, then the state and finally the National Register when historic preservationists in the city worried about the effects of urban renewal on a neglected asset. The Dutch Reformed Church had only recently been saved from demolition after almost a decade of vacancy; before that, the Crawford House had come close to being bulldozed for a school parking lot.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the city council enlarged the district greatly and renamed it the East End Historic District, including Washington&#39;s Headquarters State Historic Site and other buildings in the neighborhoods south of Broadway. It established a zoning code to maintain a consistent appearance of new construction in the district and a seven-member Architectural Review Commission to enforce it. In 1985 a smaller version of the East End district was listed separately on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Some of the urban decay and blight that has been a problem in that district is visible within the Montgomery–Grand–Liberty corridor. The most visible example is the cobblestone surface of Liberty Street, neglected for many years and frequently cut open by local utility companies for repairs and resurfaced with asphalt. The city has restored it in patches and would like to do the entire street, but lacks the money.</p><br>
<p>Many of the homes in the district (particularly the northern blocks) have been attractive to new residents who have often renovated them. Much of the district retains its original character of a leafy residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the four noted above, the district is also home to the W. E. Warren House, considered a textbook example of the villa-style house advocated by Downing (although designed by Calvert Vaux), the 1842 Orange County courthouse designed by Thornton Niven (a copy of his contemporary Goshen courthouse), the 1878 Newburgh Free Library, the gambrel-roofed Selah Reeve House that carried Newburgh and the Hudson far and wide on a popular piece of 18th-century kitchenware, and many of Newburgh&#39;s oldest churches.</p><br>
<p>Adams Power Plant Transformer House in Niagara Falls, New York is a National Historic Landmarked building constructed in 1895. It is the only remaining structure that was part of the historic Edward Dean Adams Power Plant, the first large-scale, alternating current electric generating plant in the world, built in 1895. The building&#39;s eponym was Edward Dean Adams, a businessman and entrepreneur in the electrical field.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Adams power plant followed an 1886 plan by engineer Thomas Evershed to tap the power of Niagara Falls, which involved a "hydraulic canal" and a 7,500 ft brick-lined tunnel, when the Niagara Falls Power Company was formed. The Cataract Construction Company, a new company formed to exploit the opportunity, led by president Edward Dean Adams, first formed the International Niagara Commission in 1890 to come up with a plan for harnessing the Falls. The Commission favored electricity, but could not recommend a solution to Cataract.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, George Forbes was hired as a technical consultant and in May 1893 he convinced the company to build a hydroelectric system based on polyphase alternating current. Westinghouse Electric was subcontracted to build 5,000 hp 25 Hz AC generators, based on the work of Nikola Tesla and Benjamin G. Lamme, while the I. P. Morris Company of Philadelphia built the turbines based on the design of the Swiss company Faesch and Piccard.</p><br>
<p>The power plant went into operation on August 25, 1895. The transformer house building was designed by the architectural firm of McKim, Mead, and White. Locally quarried limestone was used in its construction.</p><br>
<p>The Niagara Power Station No. 1, as it was then called, would eventually generate 50,000 hp of electricity. There were 10 generator rated 5,000 hp of the outside revolving field, vertical shaft type. The generators were separated into two banks of five generators each with independent switchboards. The output was at 2,000 volts to serve in and around Niagara Falls. There were transformers to step up the voltage to 10,000 volts to serve the medium distance around Niagara Falls areas. The voltage was also stepped up to 20,000 to serve the longer distance for Buffalo, Lockport, and Tonawanda. The station was the model for a second similar station built in 1904. The entire plant was officially named after Edward Dean Adams in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The original Westinghouse generators remained in operation until the plant closed in 1961, having been replaced by the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant and the Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1983 and an IEEE Milestone in 1990. It is located off 15th St., just south of Buffalo Avenue. It is a major contributing feature to the Niagara Falls National Heritage Area.</p><br>
<p>The Point Richmond Historic District is the downtown area of Point Richmond in Richmond, California. It has been listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places since November 5, 1979, for architecture and historical significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This historic district developed in the late 1890s when the San Francisco and San Joaquin Valley Railway occupied 57 acre of land in the area that is now the neighborhood downtown of Point Richmond. The acres were bought by the Santa Fe Railroad upon completion and at the same time the Pacific Coast Oil Company (later Standard Oil, today Chevron) acquired adjacent lands and built an oil refinery. The completion of these projects attracted the first residents to this area.</p><br>
<p>Point Richmond served as the downtown district of Richmond until the city expanded along the central flatlands of western Contra Costa County during the beginning of the 20th century. This citys expansion led to a larger downtown to the northeast which was exacerbated by tens of thousands of World War II shipbuilding workers. Point Richmond was the terminal of the East Shore & Suburban Railways Refinery-County Line route; that rail system was a predecessor of the Key System.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>Today maps are provided by the city of Richmond&#39;s Convention and Visitors Bureau for individuals to take walking tours of the historic zone. The historic area is now only a small portion of the larger neighborhood but still serves as the center for neighborhood businesses and civic affairs. There was much controversy regarding the inclusion of a Starbucks café in 2004 as the area had up until that point not had any chain stores. Although many residents opposed the coffee shop, it opened in that same year, and the residents have calmed regarding the subject. The location was later closed in November 2020 due to a sustained decline in business as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.</p><br>
<p>The Historic District is accessible from Interstate 580, Richmond Parkway, Macdonald Avenue, Cutting Boulevard. AC Transit bus route 72M MacDonald connects with the Richmond BART and Amtrak Station. Golden Gate Transit routes 40 and 42 connect with the station and Marin County; the former serves del Norte Station.</p><br>
<p>The David Sutherland House is one of three associated with that family along Angola Road in Cornwall, New York, United States. It is the oldest, a 1770 fieldstone structure .</p><br>
<p>David was a descendant of William Sutherland, one of the town&#39;s first settlers. The family had been dispossessed of most of the large acreage they owned in the area, but some members had managed to keep, or later reacquire, small parcels. He built the house on one of them, now reduced and subdivided to the three-quarter acre (2,940 m) lot it stands one today. Due to the steep hillside, the house has no cellar and the top story is at ground level in the rear.</p><br>
<p>It has remained relatively unchanged since then. It is located on the north side of the road, about midway between downtown Cornwall and US 9W. The house of Sutherlands grandson Daniel is a short distance to the northeast, closer to town; his son Josephs Cromwell Manor is a mile to the southwest. The inside of the house contains the original fireplace, with Federal style mantel, some doors, and timber supports in the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>Sutherland sold it to his nephew Patrick, a veteran of the Revolutionary War, in 1784. He was a person of some prominence in the town, and records indicate the Town Board met there in 1798 and again between 1800 and 1805. The year after that, he left the region for the Finger Lakes and the house has passed through many owners since. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Castle  is a Victorian stone house, built in the American Queen Anne style, located at 4308 Franklin Boulevard in Cleveland&#39;s Ohio City neighborhood. The building has four stories and more than twenty rooms and eighty windows. In the late nineteenth century, when it was built, Franklin Boulevard was one of the most prestigious residential avenues in Cleveland. It is reported to be the most haunted house in Ohio.</p><br>
<p>On March 15, 1982, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1881-1883 by the famed architectural firm of Cudell & Richardson for Hannes Tiedemann, a prosperous German immigrant.</p><br>
<p>On January 15, 1881, Tiedemanns fifteen-year-old daughter Emma succumbed to diabetes. The property saw its second death not long afterwards when Tiedemanns elderly mother, Wiebeka, died. During the next three years the Tiedemanns would bury three more children, giving rise to speculation that there was more to the deaths than met the eye.</p><br>
<p>To distract his wife, Louise, from these tragedies, Tiedemann began extensive construction on the home, adding a ballroom which runs the length of the house on the fourth floor of the manor. Also during this building, turrets and gargoyles were added to the edifice&#39;s facade, giving the house an even more pronounced "castle" appearance.</p><br>
<p>It is rumored that hidden rooms and passageways were used for bootlegging during Prohibition. Though rumored, none of these rooms or passageways exist other than a small stairway used by servants from the kitchen to the front door.</p><br>
<p>Louise Tiedemann died from a liver disease on March 24, 1895, at the age of fifty-seven. The next year, Hannes sold the house to the Mullhauser family, and by 1908 he and the entire Tiedemann family were dead, leaving no one to inherit his considerable personal wealth.</p><br>
<h2>Middle years</h2><br>
<p>From 1921 to 1968 the house functioned as a home to various German and cultural organizations. Human bones were found in a closet in 1975 but it&#39;s believed they were planted by the new owner looking to gain publicity for his ghost tours of the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the location was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In early 1984, Michael DeVinko, Judy Garland&#39;s fifth and last husband, purchased Franklin Castle and almost immediately started making major renovations to the house. Over the next ten years, DeVinko spent close to one million dollars renovating the Castle, even going so far as to track down some of the original furnishings for the Castle. Despite all this, DeVinko put the house up for sale in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>There have been a series of owners in the past thirty years. The castle was empty from 1994 until in 1999, Michelle Heimburger bought the castle and carriage house for $350,000 using part of her Yahoo! stock windfall as one of the company&#39;s early employees. A native Clevelander, Heimburger was fascinated with the home and purchased it with intentions of restoring the building to its former glory. Unfortunately, that same year, a fire badly damaged the castle. Though extensive repairs were done, the house restoration could not be completed.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 there were rumors that Franklin Castle was going to be completely renovated and turned into the Franklin Castle Club. Around this time, though, the exterior stone of the building was cleaned and the parapet, on the left side of the facade, was rebuilt according to the 19th-century design.</p><br>
<p>The property was damaged again in March 2011 when the carriage house was damaged in a fire.</p><br>
<p>It was announced in July 2011 that the Franklin Castle had been rezoned to allow it to become a three-family dwelling, and that a sale was pending.</p><br>
<p>European tapestry artist Chiara Dona Dalle purchased Franklin Castle in 2011 for $260,000. The Cleveland Building & Housing Department issued a permit for residential exterior alterations in February 2012. Local news sources have reported that the buyer intends to convert the building into three family homes and dwelling in two of the spaces.</p><br>
<p>Following several years of historic renovations, the owners announced single-night accommodations were available for guests on December 24, 2022.</p><br>
<h2>Trivia</h2><br>
<p>On March 18, 2016, the reality TV series Paranormal Lockdown featured the Franklin Castle in the third episode of its first season.</p><br>
<p>On March 5, 2020, Franklin Castle was featured on the second episode of Season 23 of Ghost Adventures which aired on the Travel Channel.</p><br>
<p>On November 19, 2020, Franklin Castle was featured on episode four Season 2 of The Holzer Files which aired on the Travel Channel.</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Brewster House is a Gothic Revival home located on Willow Avenue in Cornwall, New York, United States, right across from Willow Avenue Elementary School. It was originally built as a farmhouse in the mid-19th century. Later, as Cornwall became a popular summer resort for visitors from New York City, it was expanded and renovated for use as a boardinghouse as well.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The house sits on a four-acre "flag lot", with trees and shrubs, so called for its deeper setback from neighboring houses on the street and narrower access between them. There are seven buildings and structures on the property, six of which are considered contributing resources to the National Register listing.</p><br>
<p>The main building is two stories high, five bays wide and sided in narrow clapboard. It has two-one-story wings, three bays on the northwest and two on the southeast. The gable-fronted roof, pierced by a brick chimney on the northwest, has overhanging eaves with exposed rafters. A molded cornice also marks all the house&#39;s rooflines. The exposed basement is made of stone.</p><br>
<p>A flat-roofed raised wooden porch with bracketed cornice supported by elaborate lattice-style columns runs the length of the first story on the front (southwest) facade, across the main block and both wings. A similar porch on the northeast (rear) has been enclosed with glass.</p><br>
<p>The centrally-located main entrance is a paneled wood door in a recessed entryway with a wooden surround and sidelights. It leads into a main hallway with large flanking rooms and many original furnishings. These include the flooring, ceiling molding, marble fireplaces and mantels, pocket doors between the parlors and the original staircase with newel post and balustrade.</p><br>
<p>Southeast of the house is the first of the contributing properties: a bracketed, hip-roofed wellhouse. Behind it is a two-story carriage barn with gabled roof and board-and-batten siding. There is also a small gable-roofed privy behind it.</p><br>
<p>The main barn has a jerkin roof on the end gable. Three of its four bays have had modern garage doors installed; the other one has a wooden paneled double door with loft door above. A nearby shed is vertically sided with a gable roof. The property also has a modern frame garage, its only noncontributing resource.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brewster built the house, then the main block and southeast wing, around 1850 on property owned at the time by the De Crissey family, which he had recently married into. He and his wife began growing fruit, primarily strawberries, raspberries and other small berries on the farm. They were the first in the Hudson Valley to cultivate the Niagara grape.</p><br>
<p>Not long afterwards, the summer boarding industry began to become a major part of Cornwall&#39;s economy. Like other local farmers, such as Wilford Wood and Samuel Brooks, he expanded his home to take in summer boarders. Around 1860 he added the northwest wing for this purpose.</p><br>
<p>It has remained a private house ever since.</p><br>
<p>It has survived mostly intact from that era, unlike most other converted farmhouses in the area. Several farm-related outbuildings on the property are also intact. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 8, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Peirce School  is a historic school building at 88 Chestnut Street, corner of Austin Street, in West Newton, Massachusetts. The brick building was built in 1895 and operated by the Newton Public Schools as an elementary school from 1895 until June 1951. It originally served grades one through eight, but at the time of its closing, it was a kindergarten through sixth grade  school. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of name</h2><br>
<p>Peirce School, (originally pronounced as if it were spelled "Purse" but now usually pronounced as if it were spelled "Pierce"), was named for Cyrus Peirce, (1790–1860), a Unitarian minister and educator, who was the first principal (or president) of the first Normal School opened in the United States in Lexington and served as such from 1839 until 1842 when he retired because of poor health. In 1844 the Normal School was moved to West Newton and located on Washington Street on the site now occupied by the First Unitarian Society in Newton, which is also on the National Register. Peirce moved to Newton that year and resumed his leadership of the school and served until 1849, when he again retired because of ill health. Peirce lived the rest of his life in West Newton. The Normal School he headed is now Framingham State College, in Framingham, which considers him as its first president. Now Peirce moved to temple street.</p><br>
<h2>Description of building</h2><br>
<p>The Peirce School building was designed by Stickney & Austin, architects, in the style described as Colonial Revival, although today it might be described as Late 19th Century Public School. The exterior was built of granite, brick and sandstone with a slate roof. Although it is numbered 88 Chestnut Street, the building actually faces on Austin Street. The imposing entrance facing Austin Street was largely ceremonial and served as the place for taking class pictures. The plainer entrances at either end of the building were the ones used for ingress and egress.</p><br>
<h2>Present use</h2><br>
<p>The City of Newton assessment rolls show the building as vacant, but recent aerial photos show a paved parking lot with cars parked in it on the south side of the building. The building is called Peirce House and offers subsidized housing for seniors and disabled people.</p><br>
<h2>New Peirce School</h2><br>
<p>A new, more modern Peirce School was built at 170 Temple Street, corner of Berkeley Street in West Newton and opened in September, 1951 to replace the old Peirce School. Ann L. Caldwell, last principal of the old school, continued as principal of the new school. The new Peirce School is still in operation as a K-5 school.</p><br>
